The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health
Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV amo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sexually transmitted diseases 2007-11, Vol.34 (11), p.864-869 |
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| creator | KOUMANS, EMILIA H. STERNBERG, MAYA BRUCE, CAROL McQUILLAN, GERALDINE KENDRICK, JULIETTE SUTTON, MADELINE MARKOWITZ, LAURI E. |
| description | Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Study Design: Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318074e565 |
| format | Article |
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We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Study Design: Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P <0.01 for each comparison). Although BV was also associated with poverty (P <0.01), smoking (P <0.05), increasing body mass index (χ² P <0.0001 for trend), and having had a female sex partner (P <0.005), in the multivariate model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners (χ² P <0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency (χ² P for trend <0.001), low educational attainment (P <0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P <0.005). Conclusion: BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-5717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-4521</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318074e565</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17621244</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STRDDM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the genital system ; Bacterial vaginosis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; General aspects ; Human bacterial diseases ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models ; Humans ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Reproductive health ; Reproductive system ; Risk factors ; Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; STD ; Symptoms ; United States ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - ethnology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - etiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - pathology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - prevention & control ; Women ; Women's Health Services</subject><ispartof>Sexually transmitted diseases, 2007-11, Vol.34 (11), p.864-869</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nov 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-14d534027e69839b3221001c8c5f959489563eafaa28870e25bdda95e97ffcd73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-14d534027e69839b3221001c8c5f959489563eafaa28870e25bdda95e97ffcd73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44966649$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/44966649$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,27901,27902,30976,30977,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19193515$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17621244$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>KOUMANS, EMILIA H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STERNBERG, MAYA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BRUCE, CAROL</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McQUILLAN, GERALDINE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KENDRICK, JULIETTE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUTTON, MADELINE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MARKOWITZ, LAURI E.</creatorcontrib><title>The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health</title><title>Sexually transmitted diseases</title><addtitle>Sex Transm Dis</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Study Design: Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P <0.01 for each comparison). Although BV was also associated with poverty (P <0.01), smoking (P <0.05), increasing body mass index (χ² P <0.0001 for trend), and having had a female sex partner (P <0.005), in the multivariate model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners (χ² P <0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency (χ² P for trend <0.001), low educational attainment (P <0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P <0.005). Conclusion: BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.]]></description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the genital system</subject><subject>Bacterial vaginosis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Reproductive health</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - ethnology</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - etiology</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - pathology</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - prevention & control</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Women's Health Services</subject><issn>0148-5717</issn><issn>1537-4521</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0d1qFDEUB_Agil2rb6ASBL1yaj4nCb1qi1phoeq2ejlkM2fcLDOTNcks9h18aLPsYqE3vUlI8jt_TjgIvaTkhBKjPlzNv52QJaEcONVECZC1fIRmVHJVCcnoYzQjVOhKKqqO0LOU1mR3JvQpOqKqZpQJMUN_r1eAv0bY2h5GBzh0-Ny6DNHbHv-wv_wYkk_YjzgXeDP6DC1eZJshvcesJFZlEaf4LKXgvM0-jAn_9HmFF7fDJoehsAX8mUraOazs1odYbuzY4u-wiaGdXPZbwJdg-7x6jp50tk_w4rAfo5tPH68vLqv51ecvF2fzygnDckVFK7kgTEFtNDdLzhgtnTjtZGekEdrImoPtrGVaKwJMLtvWGglGdZ1rFT9G7_a5pYPfE6TcDD456Hs7QphSUxtCNNH6QSgVp4QJ-iCkxhilFS_wzT24DlMcy28bxhhXSosdEnvkYkgpQtdsoh9svG0oaXbDb8rwm_vDL2WvD9nTcoD2rugw7QLeHoBNzvZdtKPz6c4Zariku6BXe7dOOcT_70KYuq6F4f8AO3q_lw</recordid><startdate>20071101</startdate><enddate>20071101</enddate><creator>KOUMANS, EMILIA H.</creator><creator>STERNBERG, MAYA</creator><creator>BRUCE, CAROL</creator><creator>McQUILLAN, GERALDINE</creator><creator>KENDRICK, JULIETTE</creator><creator>SUTTON, MADELINE</creator><creator>MARKOWITZ, LAURI E.</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><general>Lippincott</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071101</creationdate><title>The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health</title><author>KOUMANS, EMILIA H. ; STERNBERG, MAYA ; BRUCE, CAROL ; McQUILLAN, GERALDINE ; KENDRICK, JULIETTE ; SUTTON, MADELINE ; MARKOWITZ, LAURI E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-14d534027e69839b3221001c8c5f959489563eafaa28870e25bdda95e97ffcd73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the genital system</topic><topic>Bacterial vaginosis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Reproductive health</topic><topic>Reproductive system</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Sexually transmitted diseases</topic><topic>STD</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - ethnology</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - etiology</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - pathology</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - prevention & control</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Women's Health Services</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>KOUMANS, EMILIA H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STERNBERG, MAYA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BRUCE, CAROL</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McQUILLAN, GERALDINE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KENDRICK, JULIETTE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUTTON, MADELINE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MARKOWITZ, LAURI E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Sexually transmitted diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>KOUMANS, EMILIA H.</au><au>STERNBERG, MAYA</au><au>BRUCE, CAROL</au><au>McQUILLAN, GERALDINE</au><au>KENDRICK, JULIETTE</au><au>SUTTON, MADELINE</au><au>MARKOWITZ, LAURI E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health</atitle><jtitle>Sexually transmitted diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Sex Transm Dis</addtitle><date>2007-11-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>864</spage><epage>869</epage><pages>864-869</pages><issn>0148-5717</issn><eissn>1537-4521</eissn><coden>STRDDM</coden><abstract><![CDATA[Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Study Design: Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P <0.01 for each comparison). Although BV was also associated with poverty (P <0.01), smoking (P <0.05), increasing body mass index (χ² P <0.0001 for trend), and having had a female sex partner (P <0.005), in the multivariate model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners (χ² P <0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency (χ² P for trend <0.001), low educational attainment (P <0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P <0.005). Conclusion: BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.]]></abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>17621244</pmid><doi>10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318074e565</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Bacteria Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the genital system Bacterial vaginosis Biological and medical sciences Epidemiology Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data Female General aspects Human bacterial diseases Human immunodeficiency virus Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models Humans Infections Infectious diseases Medical sciences Middle Aged Nutrition Nutrition Surveys Prevalence Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Reproductive health Reproductive system Risk factors Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data Sexually transmitted diseases STD Symptoms United States Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology Vaginosis, Bacterial - ethnology Vaginosis, Bacterial - etiology Vaginosis, Bacterial - pathology Vaginosis, Bacterial - prevention & control Women Women's Health Services |
| title | The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health |
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