Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model
We have reported that Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of G. tsugae supplementation in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune respo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2006-12, Vol.44 (12), p.2025-2032 |
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| creator | Lin, Jin-Yuarn Chen, Miaw-Ling Lin, Bi-Fong |
| description | We have reported that
Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming
G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5
weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (
P
<
0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (
P
<
0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with
G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups.
G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG
2a antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion.
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68972347</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0278691506001888</els_id><sourcerecordid>68972347</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c479t-f69bd9cf3a09dcd9bb3285d346b50e85e46ab34c1ffb3b767a847443dcf417193</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1vEzEQhi0EomnhB3CBvcBtt_5a2ytOqIKCVIkD6dmatceJo_0IdjZS_z0OidQbSCPN5XlfzTyEvGO0YZSp210T3KHhlKqG6oZS_oKsmNGiVqJlL8mKcm1q1bH2ilznvKOUaqbVa3LFVEdbLviK2HuYZo9phOqQlw1gFafqGI9zNc5-GeCAuVpv2e16yyuYfDWCS_N-CxusEub9POUClAiUGQZMm-iqcUlxwlMBDm_IqwBDxreXfUMev31d332vH37e_7j78lA7qbtDHVTX-84FAbTzznd9L7hpvZCqbymaFqWCXkjHQuhFr5UGI7WUwrsgmWaduCGfzr37NP9eMB_sGLPDYYAJ5yVbZTrNhdT_BUuXNEaoArIzWB7OOWGw-xRHSE-WUXvSb3e26Lcn_ZZqW_SXzPtL-dKP6J8TF98F-HgBIDsYQoLJxfzMGW50q0ThPpy5ALOFTSrM4y9OmaCMMW3-Nn0-E1isHiMmm13EyaGPCctZfo7_OPQPBAirhA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19348836</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete - AutoHoldings</source><source>MEDLINE</source><creator>Lin, Jin-Yuarn ; Chen, Miaw-Ling ; Lin, Bi-Fong</creator><creatorcontrib>Lin, Jin-Yuarn ; Chen, Miaw-Ling ; Lin, Bi-Fong</creatorcontrib><description>We have reported that
Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming
G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5
weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (
P
<
0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (
P
<
0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with
G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups.
G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG
2a antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion.
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16905232</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>allergenicity ; Allergic murine model ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - diet therapy ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - immunology ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - pathology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; cell-mediated immunity ; cytokines ; Dietary Supplements ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal - therapeutic use ; Female ; Food toxicology ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal - chemistry ; Ganoderma - chemistry ; Ganoderma tsugae ; herbal medicines ; humoral immunity ; hypersensitivity ; immunoglobulin E ; immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins - blood ; immunostimulants ; in vivo studies ; Interferon-gamma - pharmacology ; interferons ; interleukin-1 ; interleukin-2 ; interleukin-4 ; interleukin-6 ; Interleukins - biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology ; macrophage activation ; macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal - cytology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects ; Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism ; Medical sciences ; medicinal plants ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; mushrooms ; Mycelium - chemistry ; Oriental traditional medicine ; Ovalbumin - immunology ; Peritoneal macrophages ; Phytotherapy ; Spleen - cytology ; Spleen - drug effects ; Spleen - metabolism ; Splenocytes ; T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine ; T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines ; T-lymphocytes ; Th1 Cells - drug effects ; Th1 Cells - immunology ; Th2 Cells - drug effects ; Th2 Cells - immunology ; Th2 cytokine ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2006-12, Vol.44 (12), p.2025-2032</ispartof><rights>2006 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c479t-f69bd9cf3a09dcd9bb3285d346b50e85e46ab34c1ffb3b767a847443dcf417193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c479t-f69bd9cf3a09dcd9bb3285d346b50e85e46ab34c1ffb3b767a847443dcf417193</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27913,27914,45984</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18287563$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905232$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Jin-Yuarn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Miaw-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bi-Fong</creatorcontrib><title>Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>We have reported that
Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming
G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5
weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (
P
<
0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (
P
<
0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with
G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups.
G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG
2a antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion.
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses.</description><subject>allergenicity</subject><subject>Allergic murine model</subject><subject>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - diet therapy</subject><subject>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - immunology</subject><subject>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - pathology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cell-mediated immunity</subject><subject>cytokines</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food toxicology</subject><subject>Fruiting Bodies, Fungal - chemistry</subject><subject>Ganoderma - chemistry</subject><subject>Ganoderma tsugae</subject><subject>herbal medicines</subject><subject>humoral immunity</subject><subject>hypersensitivity</subject><subject>immunoglobulin E</subject><subject>immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins - blood</subject><subject>immunostimulants</subject><subject>in vivo studies</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - pharmacology</subject><subject>interferons</subject><subject>interleukin-1</subject><subject>interleukin-2</subject><subject>interleukin-4</subject><subject>interleukin-6</subject><subject>Interleukins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>macrophage activation</subject><subject>macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - cytology</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>medicinal plants</subject><subject>Medicine, Chinese Traditional</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>mushrooms</subject><subject>Mycelium - chemistry</subject><subject>Oriental traditional medicine</subject><subject>Ovalbumin - immunology</subject><subject>Peritoneal macrophages</subject><subject>Phytotherapy</subject><subject>Spleen - cytology</subject><subject>Spleen - drug effects</subject><subject>Spleen - metabolism</subject><subject>Splenocytes</subject><subject>T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine</subject><subject>T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines</subject><subject>T-lymphocytes</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th2 cytokine</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1vEzEQhi0EomnhB3CBvcBtt_5a2ytOqIKCVIkD6dmatceJo_0IdjZS_z0OidQbSCPN5XlfzTyEvGO0YZSp210T3KHhlKqG6oZS_oKsmNGiVqJlL8mKcm1q1bH2ilznvKOUaqbVa3LFVEdbLviK2HuYZo9phOqQlw1gFafqGI9zNc5-GeCAuVpv2e16yyuYfDWCS_N-CxusEub9POUClAiUGQZMm-iqcUlxwlMBDm_IqwBDxreXfUMev31d332vH37e_7j78lA7qbtDHVTX-84FAbTzznd9L7hpvZCqbymaFqWCXkjHQuhFr5UGI7WUwrsgmWaduCGfzr37NP9eMB_sGLPDYYAJ5yVbZTrNhdT_BUuXNEaoArIzWB7OOWGw-xRHSE-WUXvSb3e26Lcn_ZZqW_SXzPtL-dKP6J8TF98F-HgBIDsYQoLJxfzMGW50q0ThPpy5ALOFTSrM4y9OmaCMMW3-Nn0-E1isHiMmm13EyaGPCctZfo7_OPQPBAirhA</recordid><startdate>20061201</startdate><enddate>20061201</enddate><creator>Lin, Jin-Yuarn</creator><creator>Chen, Miaw-Ling</creator><creator>Lin, Bi-Fong</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061201</creationdate><title>Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model</title><author>Lin, Jin-Yuarn ; Chen, Miaw-Ling ; Lin, Bi-Fong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c479t-f69bd9cf3a09dcd9bb3285d346b50e85e46ab34c1ffb3b767a847443dcf417193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>allergenicity</topic><topic>Allergic murine model</topic><topic>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - diet therapy</topic><topic>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - immunology</topic><topic>Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - pathology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cell-mediated immunity</topic><topic>cytokines</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food toxicology</topic><topic>Fruiting Bodies, Fungal - chemistry</topic><topic>Ganoderma - chemistry</topic><topic>Ganoderma tsugae</topic><topic>herbal medicines</topic><topic>humoral immunity</topic><topic>hypersensitivity</topic><topic>immunoglobulin E</topic><topic>immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins - blood</topic><topic>immunostimulants</topic><topic>in vivo studies</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - pharmacology</topic><topic>interferons</topic><topic>interleukin-1</topic><topic>interleukin-2</topic><topic>interleukin-4</topic><topic>interleukin-6</topic><topic>Interleukins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>macrophage activation</topic><topic>macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - cytology</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>medicinal plants</topic><topic>Medicine, Chinese Traditional</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>mushrooms</topic><topic>Mycelium - chemistry</topic><topic>Oriental traditional medicine</topic><topic>Ovalbumin - immunology</topic><topic>Peritoneal macrophages</topic><topic>Phytotherapy</topic><topic>Spleen - cytology</topic><topic>Spleen - drug effects</topic><topic>Spleen - metabolism</topic><topic>Splenocytes</topic><topic>T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine</topic><topic>T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines</topic><topic>T-lymphocytes</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th2 cytokine</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Jin-Yuarn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Miaw-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bi-Fong</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Jin-Yuarn</au><au>Chen, Miaw-Ling</au><au>Lin, Bi-Fong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2006-12-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2025</spage><epage>2032</epage><pages>2025-2032</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>We have reported that
Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming
G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5
weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (
P
<
0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (
P
<
0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with
G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups.
G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG
2a antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion.
G. tsugae supplementation
in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>16905232</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0278-6915 |
| ispartof | Food and chemical toxicology, 2006-12, Vol.44 (12), p.2025-2032 |
| issn | 0278-6915 1873-6351 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68972347 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete - AutoHoldings; MEDLINE |
| subjects | allergenicity Allergic murine model Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - diet therapy Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - immunology Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - pathology Animals Biological and medical sciences cell-mediated immunity cytokines Dietary Supplements Disease Models, Animal Drugs, Chinese Herbal - therapeutic use Female Food toxicology Fruiting Bodies, Fungal - chemistry Ganoderma - chemistry Ganoderma tsugae herbal medicines humoral immunity hypersensitivity immunoglobulin E immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins - blood immunostimulants in vivo studies Interferon-gamma - pharmacology interferons interleukin-1 interleukin-2 interleukin-4 interleukin-6 Interleukins - biosynthesis Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology macrophage activation macrophages Macrophages, Peritoneal - cytology Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism Medical sciences medicinal plants Medicine, Chinese Traditional Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C mushrooms Mycelium - chemistry Oriental traditional medicine Ovalbumin - immunology Peritoneal macrophages Phytotherapy Spleen - cytology Spleen - drug effects Spleen - metabolism Splenocytes T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines T-lymphocytes Th1 Cells - drug effects Th1 Cells - immunology Th2 Cells - drug effects Th2 Cells - immunology Th2 cytokine Toxicology |
| title | Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model |
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