The Perception of Distances and Spatial Relationships in Natural Outdoor Environments
The ability of observers to perceive distances and spatial relationships in outdoor environments was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their ba...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Perception (London) 2005-01, Vol.34 (11), p.1315-1324 |
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| container_title | Perception (London) |
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| creator | Norman, J Farley Crabtree, Charles E Clayton, Anna Marie Norman, Hideko F |
| description | The ability of observers to perceive distances and spatial relationships in outdoor environments was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. Considered as a whole, the results indicate that there is no single relationship between physical and perceived space that is consistent with observers' judgments of distances in ordinary outdoor contexts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1068/p5304 |
| format | Article |
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In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. 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In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. Considered as a whole, the results indicate that there is no single relationship between physical and perceived space that is consistent with observers' judgments of distances in ordinary outdoor contexts.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Judgment</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptual Distortion</subject><subject>Psychological Tests</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Judgment</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Perceptual Distortion</topic><topic>Psychological Tests</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Space Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Vision</topic><topic>Vision, Monocular</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Norman, J Farley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crabtree, Charles E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clayton, Anna Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norman, Hideko F</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Perception (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Norman, J Farley</au><au>Crabtree, Charles E</au><au>Clayton, Anna Marie</au><au>Norman, Hideko F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Perception of Distances and Spatial Relationships in Natural Outdoor Environments</atitle><jtitle>Perception (London)</jtitle><addtitle>Perception</addtitle><date>2005-01-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1315</spage><epage>1324</epage><pages>1315-1324</pages><issn>0301-0066</issn><eissn>1468-4233</eissn><coden>PCTNBA</coden><abstract>The ability of observers to perceive distances and spatial relationships in outdoor environments was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. 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| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete A-Z List |
| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Judgment Perception Perceptual Distortion Psychological Tests Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Space Perception - physiology Vision Vision, Monocular |
| title | The Perception of Distances and Spatial Relationships in Natural Outdoor Environments |
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