Water Movement in Tendon in Response to a Repeated Static Tensile Load Using One-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Rabbit Achilles tendons (N=8) were subjected to tensile loading while internal water movements were followed using NMR. The distribution of the internal water in tendons was measured using a one-dimensional proton-density map that was collected along a radial line oriented transverse to the tendon’s...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of biomechanical engineering 2006-10, Vol.128 (5), p.733-741 |
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description | Rabbit Achilles tendons (N=8) were subjected to tensile loading while internal water movements were followed using NMR. The distribution of the internal water in tendons was measured using a one-dimensional proton-density map that was collected along a radial line oriented transverse to the tendon’s long axis. The proton density map was created from fits to T2 relaxation data. The experimental design included two cycles of loading (7.5 N tensile load) and relaxation. The first load application was for 42.67 min: unloaded for 21.33 min, reloaded for 21.33 min, and then unloaded for 21.33 min. Water was redistributed in a time-dependent fashion upon loading: proton density decreased in the core region and increased in the rim region. In addition there was evidence that tensile loading caused water to become NMR visible. In separate, parallel experiments, we studied the mechanical behavior of tendons using identical conditions of uniaxial loading (N=7). The time constants of water movements were very different from the time constants of mechanical relaxation, indicating that water redistribution is not the sole determining factor of mechanical behavior. |
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In separate, parallel experiments, we studied the mechanical behavior of tendons using identical conditions of uniaxial loading (N=7). The time constants of water movements were very different from the time constants of mechanical relaxation, indicating that water redistribution is not the sole determining factor of mechanical behavior.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0731</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-8951</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1115/1.2244573</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16995760</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: ASME</publisher><subject>Achilles Tendon - physiology ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active - physiology ; Body Water - physiology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods ; Male ; Physical Stimulation - methods ; Rabbits ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2006-10, Vol.128 (5), p.733-741</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a365t-5d420453de9c718591de061b125ea0bf2d6f964132cabacd445f41ba22bbf5533</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a365t-5d420453de9c718591de061b125ea0bf2d6f964132cabacd445f41ba22bbf5533</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,38499</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16995760$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Helmer, K. G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nair, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cannella, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigg, P</creatorcontrib><title>Water Movement in Tendon in Response to a Repeated Static Tensile Load Using One-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging</title><title>Journal of biomechanical engineering</title><addtitle>J Biomech Eng</addtitle><addtitle>J Biomech Eng</addtitle><description>Rabbit Achilles tendons (N=8) were subjected to tensile loading while internal water movements were followed using NMR. The distribution of the internal water in tendons was measured using a one-dimensional proton-density map that was collected along a radial line oriented transverse to the tendon’s long axis. The proton density map was created from fits to T2 relaxation data. The experimental design included two cycles of loading (7.5 N tensile load) and relaxation. The first load application was for 42.67 min: unloaded for 21.33 min, reloaded for 21.33 min, and then unloaded for 21.33 min. Water was redistributed in a time-dependent fashion upon loading: proton density decreased in the core region and increased in the rim region. In addition there was evidence that tensile loading caused water to become NMR visible. In separate, parallel experiments, we studied the mechanical behavior of tendons using identical conditions of uniaxial loading (N=7). The time constants of water movements were very different from the time constants of mechanical relaxation, indicating that water redistribution is not the sole determining factor of mechanical behavior.</description><subject>Achilles Tendon - physiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Transport, Active - physiology</subject><subject>Body Water - physiology</subject><subject>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Physical Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Tensile Strength</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>0148-0731</issn><issn>1528-8951</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c9LHDEUB_BQWuqqPXgWSk4FD2Pz8muSY7GtCitCVXoMmcmbZWQm2U5mLf3vm2EXPHpK8vLhe3hfQs6AXQKA-gqXnEupavGOrEBxUxmr4D1ZMZCmYrWAI3Kc8zNjAEayj-QItLWq1mxF_v72M070Lr3giHGmfaSPGEOKy-0X5m2KGemcqC-vLRYc6MPs575dXO4HpOvkA33KfdzQ-4jV935cPlL0A73zm4iLLUllEFukt6PfFHpKPnR-yPjpcJ6Qp58_Hq9uqvX99e3Vt3XlhVZzpYLkTCoR0LY1GGUhINPQAFfoWdPxoDurJQje-sa3oWyhk9B4zpumU0qIE_Jln7ud0p8d5tmNfW5xGHzEtMtOG1Mra-SbkFsOStTwJoS6ZtqaBV7sYTulnCfs3HbqRz_9c8Dc0psDd-it2M-H0F0zYniVh6IKON8Dn0d0z2k3lf1mJ7WWyor_74ma6w</recordid><startdate>20061001</startdate><enddate>20061001</enddate><creator>Helmer, K. 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G ; Nair, G ; Cannella, M ; Grigg, P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a365t-5d420453de9c718591de061b125ea0bf2d6f964132cabacd445f41ba22bbf5533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Achilles Tendon - physiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Transport, Active - physiology</topic><topic>Body Water - physiology</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Physical Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Tensile Strength</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Helmer, K. G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nair, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cannella, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigg, P</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of biomechanical engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Helmer, K. G</au><au>Nair, G</au><au>Cannella, M</au><au>Grigg, P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Water Movement in Tendon in Response to a Repeated Static Tensile Load Using One-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging</atitle><jtitle>Journal of biomechanical engineering</jtitle><stitle>J Biomech Eng</stitle><addtitle>J Biomech Eng</addtitle><date>2006-10-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>128</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>733</spage><epage>741</epage><pages>733-741</pages><issn>0148-0731</issn><eissn>1528-8951</eissn><abstract>Rabbit Achilles tendons (N=8) were subjected to tensile loading while internal water movements were followed using NMR. The distribution of the internal water in tendons was measured using a one-dimensional proton-density map that was collected along a radial line oriented transverse to the tendon’s long axis. The proton density map was created from fits to T2 relaxation data. The experimental design included two cycles of loading (7.5 N tensile load) and relaxation. The first load application was for 42.67 min: unloaded for 21.33 min, reloaded for 21.33 min, and then unloaded for 21.33 min. Water was redistributed in a time-dependent fashion upon loading: proton density decreased in the core region and increased in the rim region. In addition there was evidence that tensile loading caused water to become NMR visible. In separate, parallel experiments, we studied the mechanical behavior of tendons using identical conditions of uniaxial loading (N=7). The time constants of water movements were very different from the time constants of mechanical relaxation, indicating that water redistribution is not the sole determining factor of mechanical behavior.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>ASME</pub><pmid>16995760</pmid><doi>10.1115/1.2244573</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Achilles Tendon - physiology Animals Biological Transport, Active - physiology Body Water - physiology Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods In Vitro Techniques Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods Male Physical Stimulation - methods Rabbits Stress, Mechanical Tensile Strength Weight-Bearing - physiology |
title | Water Movement in Tendon in Response to a Repeated Static Tensile Load Using One-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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