Symbiotic association in Chlorella culture

Chlorella sorokiniana IAM C-212 has long been maintained in slant culture as a mixed strain, representing an associated natural microbial consortium. In this study, the consortium was separated and five nonalgal constituents, a fungal strain (CSSF-1), and four bacterial strains (CSSB-1, CSSB-2, CSSB...

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Veröffentlicht in:FEMS microbiology ecology 2005, Vol.51 (2), p.187-196
Hauptverfasser: Watanabe, Keiji, Takihana, Noritaka, Aoyagi, Hideki, Hanada, Satoshi, Watanabe, Yoshitomo, Ohmura, Naoya, Saiki, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Hideo
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container_end_page 196
container_issue 2
container_start_page 187
container_title FEMS microbiology ecology
container_volume 51
creator Watanabe, Keiji
Takihana, Noritaka
Aoyagi, Hideki
Hanada, Satoshi
Watanabe, Yoshitomo
Ohmura, Naoya
Saiki, Hiroshi
Tanaka, Hideo
description Chlorella sorokiniana IAM C-212 has long been maintained in slant culture as a mixed strain, representing an associated natural microbial consortium. In this study, the consortium was separated and five nonalgal constituents, a fungal strain (CSSF-1), and four bacterial strains (CSSB-1, CSSB-2, CSSB-3, and CSSB-4) were isolated and identified. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strains CSSB-1, CSSB-2, CSSB-3, and CSSB-4 were close to Ralstonia pickettii (99.8% identity), Sphingomonas sp. DD38 (99.4% identity), Microbacterium trichotecenolyticum (98.6% identity), and Micrococcus luteus (98.6% identity) respectively. 18S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strain CSSF-1 resembled Acremonium-like hyphomycete KR21-2 (98.8%). The fungal strain CSSF-1 and one of the bacterial strains, CSSB-3, were found to promote the growth of Chlorella while the presence of bacterial strains CSSB-1 and CSSB-2 had no effect. Strain CSSB-4 could not be subcultured so its role was not elucidated. These results show that the interaction between Chlorella and its symbionts under photoautotrophic conditions involved both mutualism and commensalisms. The chlorophyll content of mixed strain was stable in long-term cultivation (7 months) while the chlorophyll content of a pure culture showed a marked decline. Electron microscopic analysis showed the two bacterial strains CSSB-2 and CSSB-3 were harbored on the sheath excreted by Chlorella, while the fungal strain CSSF-1 and the bacterial strain CSSB-1 directly adhered to the Chlorella cell surface. This report is the first observation of a symbiotic relationship among fungus, bacteria, and Chlorella, and the first observation of direct adhesion of fungus and bacteria to Chlorella in a consortium.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.08.004
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In this study, the consortium was separated and five nonalgal constituents, a fungal strain (CSSF-1), and four bacterial strains (CSSB-1, CSSB-2, CSSB-3, and CSSB-4) were isolated and identified. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strains CSSB-1, CSSB-2, CSSB-3, and CSSB-4 were close to Ralstonia pickettii (99.8% identity), Sphingomonas sp. DD38 (99.4% identity), Microbacterium trichotecenolyticum (98.6% identity), and Micrococcus luteus (98.6% identity) respectively. 18S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strain CSSF-1 resembled Acremonium-like hyphomycete KR21-2 (98.8%). The fungal strain CSSF-1 and one of the bacterial strains, CSSB-3, were found to promote the growth of Chlorella while the presence of bacterial strains CSSB-1 and CSSB-2 had no effect. Strain CSSB-4 could not be subcultured so its role was not elucidated. These results show that the interaction between Chlorella and its symbionts under photoautotrophic conditions involved both mutualism and commensalisms. The chlorophyll content of mixed strain was stable in long-term cultivation (7 months) while the chlorophyll content of a pure culture showed a marked decline. Electron microscopic analysis showed the two bacterial strains CSSB-2 and CSSB-3 were harbored on the sheath excreted by Chlorella, while the fungal strain CSSF-1 and the bacterial strain CSSB-1 directly adhered to the Chlorella cell surface. 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Psychology ; Fungi ; Fungi - classification ; Fungi - genetics ; Fungi - isolation &amp; purification ; Fungi - ultrastructure ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Microscopic analysis ; Miscellaneous ; Mutualism ; Mycology ; Phylogeny ; Pure culture ; Ralstonia pickettii ; RNA, Bacterial - analysis ; RNA, Bacterial - genetics ; RNA, Fungal - analysis ; RNA, Fungal - genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics ; rRNA 16S ; Sheaths ; Soil bacteria ; Strains (organisms) ; Symbionts ; Symbiosis ; Symbiosis - physiology ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>FEMS microbiology ecology, 2005, Vol.51 (2), p.187-196</ispartof><rights>2004</rights><rights>2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2004</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. 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The chlorophyll content of mixed strain was stable in long-term cultivation (7 months) while the chlorophyll content of a pure culture showed a marked decline. Electron microscopic analysis showed the two bacterial strains CSSB-2 and CSSB-3 were harbored on the sheath excreted by Chlorella, while the fungal strain CSSF-1 and the bacterial strain CSSB-1 directly adhered to the Chlorella cell surface. 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subjects Adhesion
Bacteria
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Bacteria - ultrastructure
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Cell culture
Cell surface
Chlorella
Chlorella - classification
Chlorella - microbiology
Chlorella - ultrastructure
Chlorophyll
Consortia
Cultivation
Ecology
Extracellular organic carbon
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungi
Fungi - classification
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - isolation & purification
Fungi - ultrastructure
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Microscopic analysis
Miscellaneous
Mutualism
Mycology
Phylogeny
Pure culture
Ralstonia pickettii
RNA, Bacterial - analysis
RNA, Bacterial - genetics
RNA, Fungal - analysis
RNA, Fungal - genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics
rRNA 16S
Sheaths
Soil bacteria
Strains (organisms)
Symbionts
Symbiosis
Symbiosis - physiology
Time Factors
title Symbiotic association in Chlorella culture
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