Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee: A Cadaveric Study
Background External rotational torque is one of the mechanisms that may occur during a pivoting or twisting injury to the knee. Hypothesis Simulated external rotational injury by applying external rotational torque will increase knee laxity and cause soft tissue damage to the knee. Study Design Cont...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of sports medicine 2006-10, Vol.34 (10), p.1623-1629 |
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| container_title | The American journal of sports medicine |
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| creator | Csintalan, Rick P. Ehsan, Amirhesam McGarry, Michelle H. Fithian, Donald F. Lee, Thay Q. |
| description | Background
External rotational torque is one of the mechanisms that may occur during a pivoting or twisting injury to the knee.
Hypothesis
Simulated external rotational injury by applying external rotational torque will increase knee laxity and cause soft tissue damage to the knee.
Study Design
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods
Six cadaveric knees and a custom testing system were used to produce external rotational torque of 30°, 45°, and 60° with the knee at 30° of flexion. Anterior-posterior, valgus-varus, and rotational knee laxity were quantified. After sequential rotational torque to 60°, the specimens were dissected to identify injured structures.
Results
External rotational torque of 45° and 60° significantly increased knee joint laxity in all directions (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0363546506288013 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68860828</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A151608479</galeid><sage_id>10.1177_0363546506288013</sage_id><sourcerecordid>A151608479</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-ebfe744cbbfb11e9f29f6d778a14c4d822681f9766508fd451a16854946c37d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFktGL1DAQxoMo3nr67pMURcGHnpkkTdLHdVlPceFA9sWnkqaTvR5tszYpnP-9qbuw7OEheUgy85vkm-Ej5DXQKwClPlEueSFkQSXTmgJ_QhZQFCznXBZPyWJO53P-grwI4Y5SCkrq5-QCpNQF1XpBfn5ufY_21gytNV1mhiZbDib6_u917RzaGDLvUiZb30cchxT-4aOJrZ-PWz_-mjBb7vddi00WfRZvMfs-IL4kz5zpAr467pdk-2W9XX3NNzfX31bLTW4LKGKOtUMlhK1rVwNg6VjpZKOUNiCsaDRjUoMrlUxdateIAgwk8aIU0nLV8Evy4fDsfvRJSYhV3waLXWcG9FOopNaSaqb_C0LJgQsxg28fgHd-mvsOFQNFtQBOE_TuMQhKVQrGSsYSdXWgdqbDqh2cj6OxaTWYBuwHdG2KL6GApFGoMhV8PCtITMT7uDNTCJW-3pyz-b9Y67sOd1ilIa9uznl64O3oQxjRVfux7c34uwJazXaqHtoplbw5djnVPTangqN_EvD-CJiQDONGM9g2nDidDMdKcdIaTJJ2GtVjH_8Bv8HZPw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1979422922</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee: A Cadaveric Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete A-Z List</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Csintalan, Rick P. ; Ehsan, Amirhesam ; McGarry, Michelle H. ; Fithian, Donald F. ; Lee, Thay Q.</creator><creatorcontrib>Csintalan, Rick P. ; Ehsan, Amirhesam ; McGarry, Michelle H. ; Fithian, Donald F. ; Lee, Thay Q.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
External rotational torque is one of the mechanisms that may occur during a pivoting or twisting injury to the knee.
Hypothesis
Simulated external rotational injury by applying external rotational torque will increase knee laxity and cause soft tissue damage to the knee.
Study Design
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods
Six cadaveric knees and a custom testing system were used to produce external rotational torque of 30°, 45°, and 60° with the knee at 30° of flexion. Anterior-posterior, valgus-varus, and rotational knee laxity were quantified. After sequential rotational torque to 60°, the specimens were dissected to identify injured structures.
Results
External rotational torque of 45° and 60° significantly increased knee joint laxity in all directions (P <. 05). Dissection showed that all posterior cruciate ligaments were intact; all medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments revealed either partial or complete tears. The lateral collateral ligaments were torn in all specimens. The popliteus tendon was attenuated in 1 specimen and was completely torn in 1 specimen. The popliteofibular ligament was torn in 3 specimens.
Conclusion
External rotational torque to 60° increased knee laxity, and dissection revealed a consistent pattern of injury to the medial and lateral collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments and posterolateral corner.
Clinical Relevance
Because isolated ligament injuries are rare, recognizing these combined ligamentous injuries early is essential for repair in the acute stage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-5465</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-3365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0363546506288013</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16685088</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJSMDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Care and treatment ; Case studies ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Health aspects ; Human mechanics ; Humans ; Injuries ; Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine ; Joint Instability - physiopathology ; Knee ; Knee injuries ; Knee Injuries - physiopathology ; Ligaments ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee - injuries ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Skin & tissue grafts ; Soft Tissue Injuries - physiopathology ; Sports injuries ; Sports medicine ; Statistics ; Torque ; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents</subject><ispartof>The American journal of sports medicine, 2006-10, Vol.34 (10), p.1623-1629</ispartof><rights>2006 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2006 Sage Publications, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Sage Publications Ltd. Oct 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-ebfe744cbbfb11e9f29f6d778a14c4d822681f9766508fd451a16854946c37d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0363546506288013$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0363546506288013$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,21800,27905,27906,43602,43603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18176294$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16685088$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Csintalan, Rick P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehsan, Amirhesam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGarry, Michelle H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fithian, Donald F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Thay Q.</creatorcontrib><title>Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee: A Cadaveric Study</title><title>The American journal of sports medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><description>Background
External rotational torque is one of the mechanisms that may occur during a pivoting or twisting injury to the knee.
Hypothesis
Simulated external rotational injury by applying external rotational torque will increase knee laxity and cause soft tissue damage to the knee.
Study Design
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods
Six cadaveric knees and a custom testing system were used to produce external rotational torque of 30°, 45°, and 60° with the knee at 30° of flexion. Anterior-posterior, valgus-varus, and rotational knee laxity were quantified. After sequential rotational torque to 60°, the specimens were dissected to identify injured structures.
Results
External rotational torque of 45° and 60° significantly increased knee joint laxity in all directions (P <. 05). Dissection showed that all posterior cruciate ligaments were intact; all medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments revealed either partial or complete tears. The lateral collateral ligaments were torn in all specimens. The popliteus tendon was attenuated in 1 specimen and was completely torn in 1 specimen. The popliteofibular ligament was torn in 3 specimens.
Conclusion
External rotational torque to 60° increased knee laxity, and dissection revealed a consistent pattern of injury to the medial and lateral collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments and posterolateral corner.
Clinical Relevance
Because isolated ligament injuries are rare, recognizing these combined ligamentous injuries early is essential for repair in the acute stage.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Cadaver</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Human mechanics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine</subject><subject>Joint Instability - physiopathology</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Knee injuries</subject><subject>Knee Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Ligaments</subject><subject>Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee - injuries</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Skin & tissue grafts</subject><subject>Soft Tissue Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Torque</subject><subject>Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents</subject><issn>0363-5465</issn><issn>1552-3365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFktGL1DAQxoMo3nr67pMURcGHnpkkTdLHdVlPceFA9sWnkqaTvR5tszYpnP-9qbuw7OEheUgy85vkm-Ej5DXQKwClPlEueSFkQSXTmgJ_QhZQFCznXBZPyWJO53P-grwI4Y5SCkrq5-QCpNQF1XpBfn5ufY_21gytNV1mhiZbDib6_u917RzaGDLvUiZb30cchxT-4aOJrZ-PWz_-mjBb7vddi00WfRZvMfs-IL4kz5zpAr467pdk-2W9XX3NNzfX31bLTW4LKGKOtUMlhK1rVwNg6VjpZKOUNiCsaDRjUoMrlUxdateIAgwk8aIU0nLV8Evy4fDsfvRJSYhV3waLXWcG9FOopNaSaqb_C0LJgQsxg28fgHd-mvsOFQNFtQBOE_TuMQhKVQrGSsYSdXWgdqbDqh2cj6OxaTWYBuwHdG2KL6GApFGoMhV8PCtITMT7uDNTCJW-3pyz-b9Y67sOd1ilIa9uznl64O3oQxjRVfux7c34uwJazXaqHtoplbw5djnVPTangqN_EvD-CJiQDONGM9g2nDidDMdKcdIaTJJ2GtVjH_8Bv8HZPw</recordid><startdate>20061001</startdate><enddate>20061001</enddate><creator>Csintalan, Rick P.</creator><creator>Ehsan, Amirhesam</creator><creator>McGarry, Michelle H.</creator><creator>Fithian, Donald F.</creator><creator>Lee, Thay Q.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061001</creationdate><title>Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee</title><author>Csintalan, Rick P. ; Ehsan, Amirhesam ; McGarry, Michelle H. ; Fithian, Donald F. ; Lee, Thay Q.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-ebfe744cbbfb11e9f29f6d778a14c4d822681f9766508fd451a16854946c37d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Cadaver</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Human mechanics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine</topic><topic>Joint Instability - physiopathology</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Knee injuries</topic><topic>Knee Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Ligaments</topic><topic>Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee - injuries</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Skin & tissue grafts</topic><topic>Soft Tissue Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Torque</topic><topic>Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Csintalan, Rick P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehsan, Amirhesam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGarry, Michelle H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fithian, Donald F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Thay Q.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Csintalan, Rick P.</au><au>Ehsan, Amirhesam</au><au>McGarry, Michelle H.</au><au>Fithian, Donald F.</au><au>Lee, Thay Q.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee: A Cadaveric Study</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><date>2006-10-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1623</spage><epage>1629</epage><pages>1623-1629</pages><issn>0363-5465</issn><eissn>1552-3365</eissn><coden>AJSMDO</coden><abstract>Background
External rotational torque is one of the mechanisms that may occur during a pivoting or twisting injury to the knee.
Hypothesis
Simulated external rotational injury by applying external rotational torque will increase knee laxity and cause soft tissue damage to the knee.
Study Design
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods
Six cadaveric knees and a custom testing system were used to produce external rotational torque of 30°, 45°, and 60° with the knee at 30° of flexion. Anterior-posterior, valgus-varus, and rotational knee laxity were quantified. After sequential rotational torque to 60°, the specimens were dissected to identify injured structures.
Results
External rotational torque of 45° and 60° significantly increased knee joint laxity in all directions (P <. 05). Dissection showed that all posterior cruciate ligaments were intact; all medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments revealed either partial or complete tears. The lateral collateral ligaments were torn in all specimens. The popliteus tendon was attenuated in 1 specimen and was completely torn in 1 specimen. The popliteofibular ligament was torn in 3 specimens.
Conclusion
External rotational torque to 60° increased knee laxity, and dissection revealed a consistent pattern of injury to the medial and lateral collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments and posterolateral corner.
Clinical Relevance
Because isolated ligament injuries are rare, recognizing these combined ligamentous injuries early is essential for repair in the acute stage.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>16685088</pmid><doi>10.1177/0363546506288013</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0363-5465 |
| ispartof | The American journal of sports medicine, 2006-10, Vol.34 (10), p.1623-1629 |
| issn | 0363-5465 1552-3365 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68860828 |
| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete A-Z List; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Biological and medical sciences Biomechanical Phenomena Cadaver Care and treatment Case studies Diseases of the osteoarticular system Health aspects Human mechanics Humans Injuries Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine Joint Instability - physiopathology Knee Knee injuries Knee Injuries - physiopathology Ligaments Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee - injuries Medical sciences Middle Aged Skin & tissue grafts Soft Tissue Injuries - physiopathology Sports injuries Sports medicine Statistics Torque Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents |
| title | Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects of an External Rotational Torque Applied to the Knee: A Cadaveric Study |
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