Flavonoids in Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Changes during Plant Growth and Storage
The variation in flavonoid concentration and composition was investigated in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cv. Emilia sown on three occasions, each harvested at three growth stages at 6-day intervals. After harvest, leaves were stored in polypropylene bags at 2 or 10 °C. Flavonoids were analyz...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2005-11, Vol.53 (24), p.9459-9464 |
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| container_title | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
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| creator | Bergquist, Sara Å. M Gertsson, Ulla E Knuthsen, Pia Olsson, Marie E |
| description | The variation in flavonoid concentration and composition was investigated in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cv. Emilia sown on three occasions, each harvested at three growth stages at 6-day intervals. After harvest, leaves were stored in polypropylene bags at 2 or 10 °C. Flavonoids were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. Twelve flavonoid peaks were detected. The main flavonoid, making up on average 43% of the total flavonoid concentration, was identified as 5,3‘,4‘-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6:7-methylenedioxyflavone-4‘-glucuronide. Four other flavonoids each contributed 7−12% of the total flavonoid content. Total flavonoid content was relatively stable during normal retail storage conditions, although some of the individual flavonoid compounds showed considerable variation. The youngest plants had the highest flavonoid concentration, indicating that by harvesting the baby spinach a few days earlier than the current commercial stage of harvest, the flavonoid concentration in the product may be increased and the content of potentially health-promoting compounds enhanced. Keywords: Flavonoids; baby spinach; Spinacia oleracea; growth stage; sowing time; postharvest |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/jf051430h |
| format | Article |
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The youngest plants had the highest flavonoid concentration, indicating that by harvesting the baby spinach a few days earlier than the current commercial stage of harvest, the flavonoid concentration in the product may be increased and the content of potentially health-promoting compounds enhanced. Keywords: Flavonoids; baby spinach; Spinacia oleracea; growth stage; sowing time; postharvest</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8561</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/jf051430h</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16302762</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAFCAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>baby spinach ; baby vegetables ; Biological and medical sciences ; cold storage ; flavonoids ; Flavonoids - analysis ; food composition ; Food industries ; Food Preservation ; food storage ; Fruit and vegetable industries ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; harvest date ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Plant Leaves - growth & development ; raw vegetables ; Seasons ; spinach ; Spinacia oleracea ; Spinacia oleracea - chemistry ; Spinacia oleracea - growth & development ; storage quality ; storage temperature</subject><ispartof>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005-11, Vol.53 (24), p.9459-9464</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a405t-deefc6251d660d18058a03318753f1e4730b010a283caf03b0af6fb331056df93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a405t-deefc6251d660d18058a03318753f1e4730b010a283caf03b0af6fb331056df93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf051430h$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf051430h$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17309786$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16302762$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bergquist, Sara Å. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gertsson, Ulla E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knuthsen, Pia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsson, Marie E</creatorcontrib><title>Flavonoids in Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Changes during Plant Growth and Storage</title><title>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</title><addtitle>J. Agric. Food Chem</addtitle><description>The variation in flavonoid concentration and composition was investigated in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cv. Emilia sown on three occasions, each harvested at three growth stages at 6-day intervals. After harvest, leaves were stored in polypropylene bags at 2 or 10 °C. Flavonoids were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. Twelve flavonoid peaks were detected. The main flavonoid, making up on average 43% of the total flavonoid concentration, was identified as 5,3‘,4‘-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6:7-methylenedioxyflavone-4‘-glucuronide. Four other flavonoids each contributed 7−12% of the total flavonoid content. Total flavonoid content was relatively stable during normal retail storage conditions, although some of the individual flavonoid compounds showed considerable variation. The youngest plants had the highest flavonoid concentration, indicating that by harvesting the baby spinach a few days earlier than the current commercial stage of harvest, the flavonoid concentration in the product may be increased and the content of potentially health-promoting compounds enhanced. Keywords: Flavonoids; baby spinach; Spinacia oleracea; growth stage; sowing time; postharvest</description><subject>baby spinach</subject><subject>baby vegetables</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cold storage</subject><subject>flavonoids</subject><subject>Flavonoids - analysis</subject><subject>food composition</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Food Preservation</subject><subject>food storage</subject><subject>Fruit and vegetable industries</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>harvest date</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - growth & development</subject><subject>raw vegetables</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>spinach</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea - chemistry</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea - growth & development</subject><subject>storage quality</subject><subject>storage temperature</subject><issn>0021-8561</issn><issn>1520-5118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0EFv0zAUB3ALgVhXOPAFwBcmdsh4jmPH222r2AaKxFC7I7JeErtNSeNiJ4Pddt3X5JNglGq9IFmypffT83t_Qt4wOGGQso9rC4JlHFbPyISJFBLBmHpOJhCLiRKSHZDDENYAoEQOL8kBkxzSXKYT8v2yxTvXuaYOtOnoBZb3dL5tOqxW9MP4aJC61nisDNLi5Pjsz8Mjna2wW5pA68E33ZLetNj19Mq7X_2KYlfTee88Ls0r8sJiG8zr3T0lt5efFrPrpPh69Xl2XiSYgeiT2hhbyVSwWkqomQKhEDhnKhfcMpPlHEpggKniFVrgJaCVtowChKztKZ-So7Hv1rufgwm93jShMm0cy7ghaKlUyng8U3I8wsq7ELyxeuubDfp7zUD_y1I_ZRnt213TodyYei934UXwfgcwVNhaj13VhL2LY5_mSkaXjK4Jvfn9VEf_Q8uc50Ivbub6S3FdXCjxTS-ifzd6i07j0seet_MUGI8ZZBkDtf8Zq6DXbvBdTPc_K_wFqBqeeA</recordid><startdate>20051130</startdate><enddate>20051130</enddate><creator>Bergquist, Sara Å. M</creator><creator>Gertsson, Ulla E</creator><creator>Knuthsen, Pia</creator><creator>Olsson, Marie E</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051130</creationdate><title>Flavonoids in Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Changes during Plant Growth and Storage</title><author>Bergquist, Sara Å. M ; Gertsson, Ulla E ; Knuthsen, Pia ; Olsson, Marie E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a405t-deefc6251d660d18058a03318753f1e4730b010a283caf03b0af6fb331056df93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>baby spinach</topic><topic>baby vegetables</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cold storage</topic><topic>flavonoids</topic><topic>Flavonoids - analysis</topic><topic>food composition</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Food Preservation</topic><topic>food storage</topic><topic>Fruit and vegetable industries</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>harvest date</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - growth & development</topic><topic>raw vegetables</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>spinach</topic><topic>Spinacia oleracea</topic><topic>Spinacia oleracea - chemistry</topic><topic>Spinacia oleracea - growth & development</topic><topic>storage quality</topic><topic>storage temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bergquist, Sara Å. 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The main flavonoid, making up on average 43% of the total flavonoid concentration, was identified as 5,3‘,4‘-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6:7-methylenedioxyflavone-4‘-glucuronide. Four other flavonoids each contributed 7−12% of the total flavonoid content. Total flavonoid content was relatively stable during normal retail storage conditions, although some of the individual flavonoid compounds showed considerable variation. The youngest plants had the highest flavonoid concentration, indicating that by harvesting the baby spinach a few days earlier than the current commercial stage of harvest, the flavonoid concentration in the product may be increased and the content of potentially health-promoting compounds enhanced. Keywords: Flavonoids; baby spinach; Spinacia oleracea; growth stage; sowing time; postharvest</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>16302762</pmid><doi>10.1021/jf051430h</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | baby spinach baby vegetables Biological and medical sciences cold storage flavonoids Flavonoids - analysis food composition Food industries Food Preservation food storage Fruit and vegetable industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology harvest date Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant Leaves - growth & development raw vegetables Seasons spinach Spinacia oleracea Spinacia oleracea - chemistry Spinacia oleracea - growth & development storage quality storage temperature |
| title | Flavonoids in Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Changes during Plant Growth and Storage |
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