Folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation among women in their first trimester of pregnancy in a rural area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects in Shanxi, China
BACKGROUND: Although an information campaign concerning periconceptional folic acid supplementation was launched in 1998 in Shanxi Province, China, the prevalence of neural tube defects in rural areas was reported as high as 140 per 10,000 births in 2002. The blood folate concentrations and the prac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology 2006-06, Vol.76 (6), p.461-466 |
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| creator | Zhang, Le Ren, Aiguo Li, Zhiwen Hao, Ling Tian, Yihua Li, Zhu |
| description | BACKGROUND: Although an information campaign concerning periconceptional folic acid supplementation was launched in 1998 in Shanxi Province, China, the prevalence of neural tube defects in rural areas was reported as high as 140 per 10,000 births in 2002. The blood folate concentrations and the practice of folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in rural areas of the province are described. METHODS: A total of 483 pregnant women (mean gestation, 8.1 weeks) in a rural area of Shanxi were interviewed. Nonfasting blood samples and information on folic acid supplementation were collected. Folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by a microbiological assay. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte folate for pregnant women was 10.4 nmol/liter and 375.8 nmol/liter, respectively. Deficiencies of plasma and erythrocyte folate were observed in 20.9% and 47.6% of women, respectively. Seasonal variations were noted in the prevalence of folate deficiency, with significantly lower plasma folate concentrations in spring and summer and lower erythrocyte folate concentrations in seasons other than summer. Among pregnant women, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/bdra.20271 |
| format | Article |
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The blood folate concentrations and the practice of folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in rural areas of the province are described. METHODS: A total of 483 pregnant women (mean gestation, 8.1 weeks) in a rural area of Shanxi were interviewed. Nonfasting blood samples and information on folic acid supplementation were collected. Folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by a microbiological assay. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte folate for pregnant women was 10.4 nmol/liter and 375.8 nmol/liter, respectively. Deficiencies of plasma and erythrocyte folate were observed in 20.9% and 47.6% of women, respectively. Seasonal variations were noted in the prevalence of folate deficiency, with significantly lower plasma folate concentrations in spring and summer and lower erythrocyte folate concentrations in seasons other than summer. Among pregnant women, <10% reported having taken or currently taking folic acid, and virtually no women (0.6%) took folic acid as recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Women in rural areas had low plasma and erythrocyte folate levels, and folate deficiency was highly prevalent in the area. Few women followed the recommendations regarding folic acid supplementation, and the information campaign in Shanxi was unsuccessful. These findings suggest the urgent need for combined strategies in rural areas to fortify grain with folic acid and promote folic acid supplements for childbearing‐age women. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:461–466, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1542-0752</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-0760</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20271</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16933216</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BDRPBT</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; China ; Dietary Supplements ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Diseases of the spine ; Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology ; Female ; folate ; folic acid ; Folic Acid - blood ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Medical sciences ; neural tube defects ; Neural Tube Defects - epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First - blood ; Prevalence ; supplementation ; Teratology. Teratogens ; women ; women, pregnancy</subject><ispartof>Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology, 2006-06, Vol.76 (6), p.461-466</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>(c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3951-616810f327b762fa299f22dc26e33e7d569302677fcc375f6306c8433b6a6e573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3951-616810f327b762fa299f22dc26e33e7d569302677fcc375f6306c8433b6a6e573</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fbdra.20271$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fbdra.20271$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18108465$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16933216$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Le</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Aiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhiwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Yihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhu</creatorcontrib><title>Folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation among women in their first trimester of pregnancy in a rural area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects in Shanxi, China</title><title>Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology</title><addtitle>Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: Although an information campaign concerning periconceptional folic acid supplementation was launched in 1998 in Shanxi Province, China, the prevalence of neural tube defects in rural areas was reported as high as 140 per 10,000 births in 2002. The blood folate concentrations and the practice of folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in rural areas of the province are described. METHODS: A total of 483 pregnant women (mean gestation, 8.1 weeks) in a rural area of Shanxi were interviewed. Nonfasting blood samples and information on folic acid supplementation were collected. Folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by a microbiological assay. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte folate for pregnant women was 10.4 nmol/liter and 375.8 nmol/liter, respectively. Deficiencies of plasma and erythrocyte folate were observed in 20.9% and 47.6% of women, respectively. Seasonal variations were noted in the prevalence of folate deficiency, with significantly lower plasma folate concentrations in spring and summer and lower erythrocyte folate concentrations in seasons other than summer. Among pregnant women, <10% reported having taken or currently taking folic acid, and virtually no women (0.6%) took folic acid as recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Women in rural areas had low plasma and erythrocyte folate levels, and folate deficiency was highly prevalent in the area. Few women followed the recommendations regarding folic acid supplementation, and the information campaign in Shanxi was unsuccessful. These findings suggest the urgent need for combined strategies in rural areas to fortify grain with folic acid and promote folic acid supplements for childbearing‐age women. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:461–466, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Diseases of the spine</subject><subject>Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>folate</subject><subject>folic acid</subject><subject>Folic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>neural tube defects</subject><subject>Neural Tube Defects - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, First - blood</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>supplementation</subject><subject>Teratology. Teratogens</subject><subject>women</subject><subject>women, pregnancy</subject><issn>1542-0752</issn><issn>1542-0760</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc9y0zAQxj0MDG0DFx6A0QUODC76E0vOsQ1tA9OBAQocNWt5FQscOUg2aR6M90NOQnvjJM3q9-1qvy_LnjF6yijlb6o6wCmnXLEH2TErpjynStKHd_eCH2UnMf5IrFBKPc6OmJwJwZk8zv5cdi30SEznDfo-QO86Hwn4mtiudYaAcTWJw3rd4ioBu3cCq84vyaZLFeI86Rt0gVgXYk_64FYYewyks2QdcOnBm-1IAQlDgJZAQCAb1zep0rhlM1K_ocX0gVHjcUf1Q4WkRoumj6P6SwP-1r0m88Z5eJI9stBGfHo4J9nXy4ub-SK__nj1bn52nRsxK1gumSwZtYKrSklugc9mlvPacIlCoKqLZAPlUilrjFCFlYJKU06FqCRILJSYZC_3fdeh-zWktfTKRYNtCx67IWpZlnQ6ejnJXu1BE7oYA1q9Tj5A2GpG9RiSHkPSu5AS_PzQdahWWN-jh1QS8OIAQDTQ2pAsdPGeS0uVU1kkju25jWtx-5-R-vzt57N_w_O9xqWQbu80EH5qqZIJ-vuHK10uPr3_RheFvhF_ARjwuq4</recordid><startdate>200606</startdate><enddate>200606</enddate><creator>Zhang, Le</creator><creator>Ren, Aiguo</creator><creator>Li, Zhiwen</creator><creator>Hao, Ling</creator><creator>Tian, Yihua</creator><creator>Li, Zhu</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200606</creationdate><title>Folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation among women in their first trimester of pregnancy in a rural area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects in Shanxi, China</title><author>Zhang, Le ; Ren, Aiguo ; Li, Zhiwen ; Hao, Ling ; Tian, Yihua ; Li, Zhu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3951-616810f327b762fa299f22dc26e33e7d569302677fcc375f6306c8433b6a6e573</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Diseases of the spine</topic><topic>Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>folate</topic><topic>folic acid</topic><topic>Folic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>neural tube defects</topic><topic>Neural Tube Defects - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, First - blood</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>supplementation</topic><topic>Teratology. Teratogens</topic><topic>women</topic><topic>women, pregnancy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Le</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Aiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhiwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Yihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhu</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Le</au><au>Ren, Aiguo</au><au>Li, Zhiwen</au><au>Hao, Ling</au><au>Tian, Yihua</au><au>Li, Zhu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation among women in their first trimester of pregnancy in a rural area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects in Shanxi, China</atitle><jtitle>Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology</jtitle><addtitle>Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology</addtitle><date>2006-06</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>461</spage><epage>466</epage><pages>461-466</pages><issn>1542-0752</issn><eissn>1542-0760</eissn><coden>BDRPBT</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND: Although an information campaign concerning periconceptional folic acid supplementation was launched in 1998 in Shanxi Province, China, the prevalence of neural tube defects in rural areas was reported as high as 140 per 10,000 births in 2002. The blood folate concentrations and the practice of folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in rural areas of the province are described. METHODS: A total of 483 pregnant women (mean gestation, 8.1 weeks) in a rural area of Shanxi were interviewed. Nonfasting blood samples and information on folic acid supplementation were collected. Folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by a microbiological assay. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte folate for pregnant women was 10.4 nmol/liter and 375.8 nmol/liter, respectively. Deficiencies of plasma and erythrocyte folate were observed in 20.9% and 47.6% of women, respectively. Seasonal variations were noted in the prevalence of folate deficiency, with significantly lower plasma folate concentrations in spring and summer and lower erythrocyte folate concentrations in seasons other than summer. Among pregnant women, <10% reported having taken or currently taking folic acid, and virtually no women (0.6%) took folic acid as recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Women in rural areas had low plasma and erythrocyte folate levels, and folate deficiency was highly prevalent in the area. Few women followed the recommendations regarding folic acid supplementation, and the information campaign in Shanxi was unsuccessful. These findings suggest the urgent need for combined strategies in rural areas to fortify grain with folic acid and promote folic acid supplements for childbearing‐age women. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:461–466, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>16933216</pmid><doi>10.1002/bdra.20271</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Birth defects research. A Clinical and molecular teratology, 2006-06, Vol.76 (6), p.461-466 |
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| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences China Dietary Supplements Diseases of the osteoarticular system Diseases of the spine Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology Female folate folic acid Folic Acid - blood Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Medical sciences neural tube defects Neural Tube Defects - epidemiology Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, First - blood Prevalence supplementation Teratology. Teratogens women women, pregnancy |
| title | Folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation among women in their first trimester of pregnancy in a rural area with a high prevalence of neural tube defects in Shanxi, China |
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