Evaluation of Epsilon Amino-Caproic Acid (EACA) and Autologous Blood as Blood Conservation Strategies in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

To evaluate the effects of autologous blood and Epsilon amino-caproic acid on intra-operative and post-operative blood loss and homologous blood product requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 each. In the Epsilon amino-caproic acid (EACA) group, the drug was administered in a loading dose of 100 mg/kg before skin incision followed by an infusion of 1/5th the loading dose hourly and terminated 3 h after heparin neutralization. In the autologous transfusion (AT) group, 10% of the calculated whole blood volume was collected intra-operatively before cardiopulmonary bypass and re-infused after its termination. Haemoglobin values were comparable pre-operatively, on cardiopulmonary bypass, off cardiopulmonary bypass and post-operatively on day two in both groups. Intra-operative blood loss was not significantly different (643.3 ± 129.14 ml in group EACA versus 710 ± 145.5 ml in group AT, p = 0.66). Although the chest drainage was more in group AT during 0–3 h (71.3 ± 54.3 ml versus 112.6 ± 79.3.6 ml, p = 0.006) it was comparable amongst in the first 24 h (231.1 ± 98.3 ml in group AT versus 235 ± 101.4 ml in group EACA, p = 0.88). Homologous blood product requirements were similar in both groups. Autologous blood is as efficacious as Epsilon amino-caproic acid for blood conservation in cardiac surgery.