Gradients of cone differentiation and FGF expression during development of the foveal depression in macaque retina
Cones in the foveola of adult primate retina are narrower and more elongated than cones on the foveal rim, which in turn, are narrower and more elongated than those located more eccentric. This gradient of cone morphology is directly correlated with cone density and acuity. Here we investigate the h...
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creator | CORNISH, ELISA E. MADIGAN, MICHELE C. NATOLI, RICCARDO HALES, ANGELA HENDRICKSON, ANITA E. PROVIS, JAN M. |
description | Cones in the foveola of adult primate retina are narrower and more
elongated than cones on the foveal rim, which in turn, are narrower and
more elongated than those located more eccentric. This gradient of cone
morphology is directly correlated with cone density and acuity. Here we
investigate the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling
mediates the morphological differentiation of foveal cones—in
particular, the mechanism regulating the elongation of foveal cones. We
used immunoreactivity to FGF receptor (R) 4, and quantitative analysis to
study cone elongation on the horizontal meridian of macaque retinae, aged
between foetal day (Fd) 95 and 2.5 years postnatal (P 2.5y). We also used
in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the
expression patterns of FGF2 and FGFR1–4 at the developing fovea, and
three other sample locations on the horizontal meridian. Labeled RNA was
detected using the fluorescent marker “Fast Red” (Roche) and
levels of expression in cone inner segments and in the ganglion cell layer
(GCL) were compared using confocal microscopy, optical densitometry, and
tested for statistical significance. Our results show that morphological
differentiation of cones begins near the optic disc around Fd 95,
progressing toward the developing fovea up until birth, approximately.
Levels of FGF2 and FGFR4 mRNAs expression are low in foveal cones,
compared with cones closer to the optic disc, during this period. There is
no similar gradient of FGF2 mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer of
the same sections. Maturation of foveal cones is delayed until the
postnatal period. The results suggest that a wave of cone differentiation
spreads from the disc region toward the developing fovea during the second
half of gestation in the macaque. A gradient of expression of FGFR4 and
FGF2 associated with the wave of differentiation suggests that FGF
signalling mediates cone narrowing and elongation. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0952523805224069 |
format | Article |
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elongated than cones on the foveal rim, which in turn, are narrower and
more elongated than those located more eccentric. This gradient of cone
morphology is directly correlated with cone density and acuity. Here we
investigate the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling
mediates the morphological differentiation of foveal cones—in
particular, the mechanism regulating the elongation of foveal cones. We
used immunoreactivity to FGF receptor (R) 4, and quantitative analysis to
study cone elongation on the horizontal meridian of macaque retinae, aged
between foetal day (Fd) 95 and 2.5 years postnatal (P 2.5y). We also used
in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the
expression patterns of FGF2 and FGFR1–4 at the developing fovea, and
three other sample locations on the horizontal meridian. Labeled RNA was
detected using the fluorescent marker “Fast Red” (Roche) and
levels of expression in cone inner segments and in the ganglion cell layer
(GCL) were compared using confocal microscopy, optical densitometry, and
tested for statistical significance. Our results show that morphological
differentiation of cones begins near the optic disc around Fd 95,
progressing toward the developing fovea up until birth, approximately.
Levels of FGF2 and FGFR4 mRNAs expression are low in foveal cones,
compared with cones closer to the optic disc, during this period. There is
no similar gradient of FGF2 mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer of
the same sections. Maturation of foveal cones is delayed until the
postnatal period. The results suggest that a wave of cone differentiation
spreads from the disc region toward the developing fovea during the second
half of gestation in the macaque. A gradient of expression of FGFR4 and
FGF2 associated with the wave of differentiation suggests that FGF
signalling mediates cone narrowing and elongation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0952-5238</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8714</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0952523805224069</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16212702</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, USA: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Count - methods ; Cell cycle ; Cell Differentiation - physiology ; Cell Size ; Cesarean section ; Cone morphogenesis ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision ; Fibroblast growth factors ; Fibroblast Growth Factors - physiology ; Fovea centralis ; Fovea Centralis - cytology ; Fovea Centralis - growth & development ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology ; Heparan sulfate ; Immunohistochemistry - methods ; In Situ Hybridization - methods ; Macaca ; Packaging ; Primate ; Primates ; Proteins ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - classification ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - genetics ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - metabolism ; Retina ; Retina - cytology ; Retina - embryology ; Retina - growth & development ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Studies ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><ispartof>Visual neuroscience, 2005-07, Vol.22 (4), p.447-459</ispartof><rights>2005 Cambridge University Press</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Cambridge University Press Jul 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-c72c8f8c997e8054be7e01990101a76b2845db54f7c2cda015c7ef968da2a2fb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-c72c8f8c997e8054be7e01990101a76b2845db54f7c2cda015c7ef968da2a2fb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0952523805224069/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27903,27904,55606</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17266370$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16212702$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>CORNISH, ELISA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MADIGAN, MICHELE C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NATOLI, RICCARDO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HALES, ANGELA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HENDRICKSON, ANITA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PROVIS, JAN M.</creatorcontrib><title>Gradients of cone differentiation and FGF expression during development of the foveal depression in macaque retina</title><title>Visual neuroscience</title><addtitle>Vis Neurosci</addtitle><description>Cones in the foveola of adult primate retina are narrower and more
elongated than cones on the foveal rim, which in turn, are narrower and
more elongated than those located more eccentric. This gradient of cone
morphology is directly correlated with cone density and acuity. Here we
investigate the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling
mediates the morphological differentiation of foveal cones—in
particular, the mechanism regulating the elongation of foveal cones. We
used immunoreactivity to FGF receptor (R) 4, and quantitative analysis to
study cone elongation on the horizontal meridian of macaque retinae, aged
between foetal day (Fd) 95 and 2.5 years postnatal (P 2.5y). We also used
in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the
expression patterns of FGF2 and FGFR1–4 at the developing fovea, and
three other sample locations on the horizontal meridian. Labeled RNA was
detected using the fluorescent marker “Fast Red” (Roche) and
levels of expression in cone inner segments and in the ganglion cell layer
(GCL) were compared using confocal microscopy, optical densitometry, and
tested for statistical significance. Our results show that morphological
differentiation of cones begins near the optic disc around Fd 95,
progressing toward the developing fovea up until birth, approximately.
Levels of FGF2 and FGFR4 mRNAs expression are low in foveal cones,
compared with cones closer to the optic disc, during this period. There is
no similar gradient of FGF2 mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer of
the same sections. Maturation of foveal cones is delayed until the
postnatal period. The results suggest that a wave of cone differentiation
spreads from the disc region toward the developing fovea during the second
half of gestation in the macaque. A gradient of expression of FGFR4 and
FGF2 associated with the wave of differentiation suggests that FGF
signalling mediates cone narrowing and elongation.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Count - methods</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Size</subject><subject>Cesarean section</subject><subject>Cone morphogenesis</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian</subject><subject>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</subject><subject>Fibroblast growth factors</subject><subject>Fibroblast Growth Factors - physiology</subject><subject>Fovea centralis</subject><subject>Fovea Centralis - cytology</subject><subject>Fovea Centralis - growth & development</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology</subject><subject>Heparan sulfate</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry - methods</subject><subject>In Situ Hybridization - methods</subject><subject>Macaca</subject><subject>Packaging</subject><subject>Primate</subject><subject>Primates</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - classification</subject><subject>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - metabolism</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Retina - cytology</subject><subject>Retina - embryology</subject><subject>Retina - growth & development</subject><subject>Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0952-5238</issn><issn>1469-8714</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtv1TAQhS0EoreFH8AGRUiwC_iR-LGEwg2ISqg81pZjj4tL4lzs3Kr99zi6UYtAiNVIc74zM0eD0BOCXxJMxKsvWLW0pUziltIGc3UPbUjDVS0Fae6jzSLXi36EjnO-xJgw0rKH6IhwSqjAdINSl4wLEOdcTb6yU4TKBe8hlVYwc5hiZaKrtt22gutdgpyXltunEC8qB1cwTLuxsIt7_g6Vn67ADEW5ZUOsRmPNzz1UCeYQzSP0wJshw-O1nqBv23dfT9_XZ5-6D6evz2pbIsy1FdRKL61SAkrApgcBmCiFS3QjeE9l07q-bbyw1DqDSWsFeMWlM9RQ37MT9OIwd5emsj3PegzZwjCYCNM-ay65YA1m_wWJYg3jkhbw2R_g5bRPsYQojGREUc4LRA6QTVPOCbzepTCadKMJ1svb9F9vK56n6-B9P4K7c6x_KsDzFTDZmsEnE23Id5xYNgtcuPrAhTzD9a1u0g9dwopW8-5cq7fd5_OPrdRvCs_WY83Yp-Au4LdI_zz3F5FIvf0</recordid><startdate>20050701</startdate><enddate>20050701</enddate><creator>CORNISH, ELISA E.</creator><creator>MADIGAN, MICHELE C.</creator><creator>NATOLI, RICCARDO</creator><creator>HALES, ANGELA</creator><creator>HENDRICKSON, ANITA E.</creator><creator>PROVIS, JAN M.</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050701</creationdate><title>Gradients of cone differentiation and FGF expression during development of the foveal depression in macaque retina</title><author>CORNISH, ELISA E. ; MADIGAN, MICHELE C. ; NATOLI, RICCARDO ; HALES, ANGELA ; HENDRICKSON, ANITA E. ; PROVIS, JAN M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-c72c8f8c997e8054be7e01990101a76b2845db54f7c2cda015c7ef968da2a2fb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Count - methods</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Size</topic><topic>Cesarean section</topic><topic>Cone morphogenesis</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian</topic><topic>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</topic><topic>Fibroblast growth factors</topic><topic>Fibroblast Growth Factors - physiology</topic><topic>Fovea centralis</topic><topic>Fovea Centralis - cytology</topic><topic>Fovea Centralis - growth & development</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology</topic><topic>Heparan sulfate</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry - methods</topic><topic>In Situ Hybridization - methods</topic><topic>Macaca</topic><topic>Packaging</topic><topic>Primate</topic><topic>Primates</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - classification</topic><topic>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - metabolism</topic><topic>Retina</topic><topic>Retina - cytology</topic><topic>Retina - embryology</topic><topic>Retina - growth & development</topic><topic>Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>CORNISH, ELISA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MADIGAN, MICHELE C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NATOLI, RICCARDO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HALES, ANGELA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HENDRICKSON, ANITA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PROVIS, JAN M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Visual neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>CORNISH, ELISA E.</au><au>MADIGAN, MICHELE C.</au><au>NATOLI, RICCARDO</au><au>HALES, ANGELA</au><au>HENDRICKSON, ANITA E.</au><au>PROVIS, JAN M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gradients of cone differentiation and FGF expression during development of the foveal depression in macaque retina</atitle><jtitle>Visual neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>Vis Neurosci</addtitle><date>2005-07-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>447</spage><epage>459</epage><pages>447-459</pages><issn>0952-5238</issn><eissn>1469-8714</eissn><abstract>Cones in the foveola of adult primate retina are narrower and more
elongated than cones on the foveal rim, which in turn, are narrower and
more elongated than those located more eccentric. This gradient of cone
morphology is directly correlated with cone density and acuity. Here we
investigate the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling
mediates the morphological differentiation of foveal cones—in
particular, the mechanism regulating the elongation of foveal cones. We
used immunoreactivity to FGF receptor (R) 4, and quantitative analysis to
study cone elongation on the horizontal meridian of macaque retinae, aged
between foetal day (Fd) 95 and 2.5 years postnatal (P 2.5y). We also used
in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the
expression patterns of FGF2 and FGFR1–4 at the developing fovea, and
three other sample locations on the horizontal meridian. Labeled RNA was
detected using the fluorescent marker “Fast Red” (Roche) and
levels of expression in cone inner segments and in the ganglion cell layer
(GCL) were compared using confocal microscopy, optical densitometry, and
tested for statistical significance. Our results show that morphological
differentiation of cones begins near the optic disc around Fd 95,
progressing toward the developing fovea up until birth, approximately.
Levels of FGF2 and FGFR4 mRNAs expression are low in foveal cones,
compared with cones closer to the optic disc, during this period. There is
no similar gradient of FGF2 mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer of
the same sections. Maturation of foveal cones is delayed until the
postnatal period. The results suggest that a wave of cone differentiation
spreads from the disc region toward the developing fovea during the second
half of gestation in the macaque. A gradient of expression of FGFR4 and
FGF2 associated with the wave of differentiation suggests that FGF
signalling mediates cone narrowing and elongation.</abstract><cop>New York, USA</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>16212702</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0952523805224069</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
subjects | Animals Animals, Newborn Apoptosis Biological and medical sciences Cell Count - methods Cell cycle Cell Differentiation - physiology Cell Size Cesarean section Cone morphogenesis Embryo, Mammalian Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Fibroblast growth factors Fibroblast Growth Factors - physiology Fovea centralis Fovea Centralis - cytology Fovea Centralis - growth & development Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology Heparan sulfate Immunohistochemistry - methods In Situ Hybridization - methods Macaca Packaging Primate Primates Proteins Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - classification Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - genetics Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - metabolism Retina Retina - cytology Retina - embryology Retina - growth & development Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods RNA, Messenger - metabolism Studies Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
title | Gradients of cone differentiation and FGF expression during development of the foveal depression in macaque retina |
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