Programming of GnRH feedback controls timing puberty and adult reproductive activity
The timing of puberty generally differs between sexes, and this may be due to sex differences in the organization of steroid feedback systems. We propose that the reproductive neuroendocrine default sex is female. If the individual is male, the feedback control of GnRH secretion is programmed early...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2006-07, Vol.254, p.109-119 |
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| container_title | Molecular and cellular endocrinology |
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| creator | Foster, Douglas L. Jackson, Leslie M. Padmanabhan, Vasantha |
| description | The timing of puberty generally differs between sexes, and this may be due to sex differences in the organization of steroid feedback systems. We propose that the reproductive neuroendocrine default sex is female. If the individual is male, the feedback control of GnRH secretion is programmed early in development, and the pubertal GnRH rise is either advanced or delayed depending upon species. This developmental programming is by androgens. Early programming also reorganizes adult reproductive neuroendocrine function to change a pattern of cyclic gamete release (periodic ovulations) requiring multiple feedback systems to that of a continuous one (spermatogenesis) requiring only the negative feedback control. The multiple feedback systems underlying the complex ovulatory cycle are innate, and in the male the unnecessary feedbacks are abolished or rendered less sensitive during development by the estrogenic, as well as the androgenic metabolites of testosterone. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.004 |
| format | Article |
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The multiple feedback systems underlying the complex ovulatory cycle are innate, and in the male the unnecessary feedbacks are abolished or rendered less sensitive during development by the estrogenic, as well as the androgenic metabolites of testosterone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0303-7207</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-8057</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16723182</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological Clocks - physiology ; Developmental programming ; Feedback, Physiological - physiology ; Female ; GnRH ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - physiology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - secretion ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nervous System Malformations - complications ; Neurons - secretion ; Puberty ; Puberty - physiology ; Pulsatile Flow - physiology ; Reproduction - physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Development ; Sexual differentiation ; Sheep ; Time</subject><ispartof>Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2006-07, Vol.254, p.109-119</ispartof><rights>2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-e454de084b152a2e7874b90c51ec006a24f76028d84187abcf15b8ea61a25e523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-e454de084b152a2e7874b90c51ec006a24f76028d84187abcf15b8ea61a25e523</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720706001730$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16723182$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Foster, Douglas L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Leslie M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padmanabhan, Vasantha</creatorcontrib><title>Programming of GnRH feedback controls timing puberty and adult reproductive activity</title><title>Molecular and cellular endocrinology</title><addtitle>Mol Cell Endocrinol</addtitle><description>The timing of puberty generally differs between sexes, and this may be due to sex differences in the organization of steroid feedback systems. We propose that the reproductive neuroendocrine default sex is female. If the individual is male, the feedback control of GnRH secretion is programmed early in development, and the pubertal GnRH rise is either advanced or delayed depending upon species. This developmental programming is by androgens. Early programming also reorganizes adult reproductive neuroendocrine function to change a pattern of cyclic gamete release (periodic ovulations) requiring multiple feedback systems to that of a continuous one (spermatogenesis) requiring only the negative feedback control. The multiple feedback systems underlying the complex ovulatory cycle are innate, and in the male the unnecessary feedbacks are abolished or rendered less sensitive during development by the estrogenic, as well as the androgenic metabolites of testosterone.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Clocks - physiology</subject><subject>Developmental programming</subject><subject>Feedback, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>GnRH</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - physiology</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - secretion</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Nervous System Malformations - complications</subject><subject>Neurons - secretion</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Puberty - physiology</subject><subject>Pulsatile Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Reproduction - physiology</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sexual Development</subject><subject>Sexual differentiation</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Time</subject><issn>0303-7207</issn><issn>1872-8057</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMtuFDEQRS0EIkPCB7BBXrHrTtntF2KFIkiQIiVCydpy29WRh34MtjvS_D0eZiR2ZHU3p67qHkI-MGgZMHW5bSePLQdQLYgWQLwiG2Y0bwxI_ZpsoIOu0Rz0GXmX8xYAtOTmLTljSvOOGb4hD_dpeUpumuL8RJeBXs8_b-iAGHrnf1G_zCUtY6Yl_gV2a4-p7KmbA3VhHQtNuEtLWH2Jz0jdIWLZX5A3gxszvj_lOXn8_u3h6qa5vbv-cfX1tvGd4aVBIUVAMKJnkjuO2mjRfwYvGfq6yXExaAXcBCPqKtf7gcneoFPMcYmSd-fk07G3_vB7xVzsFLPHcXQzLmu2yiipFMgXQaa50CBZBdkR9GnJOeFgdylOLu0tA3twbre2OrcH5xaErc7rzcdT-dpPGP5dnCRX4MsRwOriOWKy2UecPYaY0Bcblvif-j_NXZGn</recordid><startdate>20060725</startdate><enddate>20060725</enddate><creator>Foster, Douglas L.</creator><creator>Jackson, Leslie M.</creator><creator>Padmanabhan, Vasantha</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060725</creationdate><title>Programming of GnRH feedback controls timing puberty and adult reproductive activity</title><author>Foster, Douglas L. ; Jackson, Leslie M. ; Padmanabhan, Vasantha</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-e454de084b152a2e7874b90c51ec006a24f76028d84187abcf15b8ea61a25e523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Clocks - physiology</topic><topic>Developmental programming</topic><topic>Feedback, Physiological - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>GnRH</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - physiology</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - secretion</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Nervous System Malformations - complications</topic><topic>Neurons - secretion</topic><topic>Puberty</topic><topic>Puberty - physiology</topic><topic>Pulsatile Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Reproduction - physiology</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sexual Development</topic><topic>Sexual differentiation</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Time</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Foster, Douglas L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Leslie M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padmanabhan, Vasantha</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Molecular and cellular endocrinology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Foster, Douglas L.</au><au>Jackson, Leslie M.</au><au>Padmanabhan, Vasantha</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Programming of GnRH feedback controls timing puberty and adult reproductive activity</atitle><jtitle>Molecular and cellular endocrinology</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Cell Endocrinol</addtitle><date>2006-07-25</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>254</volume><spage>109</spage><epage>119</epage><pages>109-119</pages><issn>0303-7207</issn><eissn>1872-8057</eissn><abstract>The timing of puberty generally differs between sexes, and this may be due to sex differences in the organization of steroid feedback systems. We propose that the reproductive neuroendocrine default sex is female. If the individual is male, the feedback control of GnRH secretion is programmed early in development, and the pubertal GnRH rise is either advanced or delayed depending upon species. This developmental programming is by androgens. Early programming also reorganizes adult reproductive neuroendocrine function to change a pattern of cyclic gamete release (periodic ovulations) requiring multiple feedback systems to that of a continuous one (spermatogenesis) requiring only the negative feedback control. The multiple feedback systems underlying the complex ovulatory cycle are innate, and in the male the unnecessary feedbacks are abolished or rendered less sensitive during development by the estrogenic, as well as the androgenic metabolites of testosterone.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>16723182</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.004</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2006-07, Vol.254, p.109-119 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Biological Clocks - physiology Developmental programming Feedback, Physiological - physiology Female GnRH Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - physiology Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - secretion Humans Male Models, Biological Nervous System Malformations - complications Neurons - secretion Puberty Puberty - physiology Pulsatile Flow - physiology Reproduction - physiology Sex Characteristics Sexual Development Sexual differentiation Sheep Time |
| title | Programming of GnRH feedback controls timing puberty and adult reproductive activity |
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