Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease
Acute cerebral ischemia has been described in different diseases of the thyroid gland, and not only as a result of thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies on the relationship between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Stroke (1970) 2005-10, Vol.36 (10), p.2302-2310 |
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| container_title | Stroke (1970) |
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| creator | SQUIZZATO, A GERDES, V. E. A BRANDJES, D. P. M BÜLLER, H. R STAM, J |
| description | Acute cerebral ischemia has been described in different diseases of the thyroid gland, and not only as a result of thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies on the relationship between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, discussing the main findings for overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as for subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
In overt hyperthyroidism, cardioembolic stroke is clearly associated to thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, and in subclinical hyperthyroidism with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1161/01.str.0000181772.78492.07 |
| format | Article |
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In overt hyperthyroidism, cardioembolic stroke is clearly associated to thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, and in subclinical hyperthyroidism with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels <0.1 mU/L, the incidence of atrial fibrillation is increased. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate a hypercoagulability state in hyperthyroidism, there is insufficient evidence to prove that this state leads to an increased risk of cardiac emboli. However, the hypothesis that overt hyperthyroidism may cause acute cerebral venous thrombosis is intriguing. Possible associations between hyperthyroidism and Moyamoya or Giant cell arteritis have only been described in case reports. There is enough evidence that overt hypothyroidism is associated with several traditional and newer atherosclerotic risk factors, especially hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia. For subclinical hypothyroidism, these associations are less certain. Hypothyroidism has been associated with signs of aortic or coronary atherosclerosis, but no case-control or cohort studies have ever investigated hypothyroidism as a possible risk factor for atherothrombotic stroke.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. Hypothyroidism is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile and leads to progression of atherosclerosis. Associations between hyperthyroidism and acute cerebral venous thrombosis, Moyamoya, and Giant cell arteritis have been suggested, but sound evidence is lacking. Additional studies are needed to clarify these issues.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0039-2499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000181772.78492.07</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16179578</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SJCCA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Antiphospholipid Syndrome - complications ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Ischemia - complications ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications ; Embolism - complications ; Endocardial and cardiac valvular diseases ; Errors of metabolism ; Female ; Giant Cell Arteritis - complications ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism - complications ; Hypothyroidism - complications ; Lipids (lysosomal enzyme disorders, storage diseases) ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolic diseases ; Moyamoya Disease - complications ; Neurology ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Thrombophilia - complications ; Thyroid Diseases - complications ; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - complications ; Venous Thrombosis - complications</subject><ispartof>Stroke (1970), 2005-10, Vol.36 (10), p.2302-2310</ispartof><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-b2ce9b4cb1b31594fe18d8505e2afb880935220c14bb896aa1200fa6f26eaf373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-b2ce9b4cb1b31594fe18d8505e2afb880935220c14bb896aa1200fa6f26eaf373</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3686,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17204139$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179578$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>SQUIZZATO, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GERDES, V. E. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BRANDJES, D. P. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BÜLLER, H. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STAM, J</creatorcontrib><title>Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease</title><title>Stroke (1970)</title><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><description>Acute cerebral ischemia has been described in different diseases of the thyroid gland, and not only as a result of thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies on the relationship between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, discussing the main findings for overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as for subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
In overt hyperthyroidism, cardioembolic stroke is clearly associated to thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, and in subclinical hyperthyroidism with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels <0.1 mU/L, the incidence of atrial fibrillation is increased. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate a hypercoagulability state in hyperthyroidism, there is insufficient evidence to prove that this state leads to an increased risk of cardiac emboli. However, the hypothesis that overt hyperthyroidism may cause acute cerebral venous thrombosis is intriguing. Possible associations between hyperthyroidism and Moyamoya or Giant cell arteritis have only been described in case reports. There is enough evidence that overt hypothyroidism is associated with several traditional and newer atherosclerotic risk factors, especially hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia. For subclinical hypothyroidism, these associations are less certain. Hypothyroidism has been associated with signs of aortic or coronary atherosclerosis, but no case-control or cohort studies have ever investigated hypothyroidism as a possible risk factor for atherothrombotic stroke.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. Hypothyroidism is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile and leads to progression of atherosclerosis. Associations between hyperthyroidism and acute cerebral venous thrombosis, Moyamoya, and Giant cell arteritis have been suggested, but sound evidence is lacking. Additional studies are needed to clarify these issues.</description><subject>Antiphospholipid Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Atrial Fibrillation</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - complications</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications</subject><subject>Embolism - complications</subject><subject>Endocardial and cardiac valvular diseases</subject><subject>Errors of metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Giant Cell Arteritis - complications</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperthyroidism - complications</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - complications</subject><subject>Lipids (lysosomal enzyme disorders, storage diseases)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Moyamoya Disease - complications</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Thrombophilia - complications</subject><subject>Thyroid Diseases - complications</subject><subject>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</subject><subject>Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - complications</subject><subject>Venous Thrombosis - complications</subject><issn>0039-2499</issn><issn>1524-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1LAzEQhoMotlb_ghRBT-6ayXe8SfELCoLWc0iyCa5suzXpCv33bm2lR-cyh3nmneFB6AJwCSDgBkOZV6nEfYECKUkpFdOkxPIADYETVjBB1CEaYkx1QZjWA3SS82fPE6r4MRr0KVJzqYboevaxTm1djas6B5tDHttFNfYhBZfab5t919j0NzxFR9E2OZzt-gi9P9zPJk_F9OXxeXI3LTyndFU44oN2zDtwFLhmMYCqFMc8EBudUlhTTgj2wJxTWlgLBONoRSQi2EglHaGrbe4ytV9dyCszr7MPTWMXoe2yEUpQzoD_C4LkWlACPXi7BX1qc04hmmWq5zatDWCzkWowmLfZq9lLNb9SDd68c7670rl5qParO4s9cLkDemG2ickufJ33nCSYAdX0BxAAf2Q</recordid><startdate>20051001</startdate><enddate>20051001</enddate><creator>SQUIZZATO, A</creator><creator>GERDES, V. E. A</creator><creator>BRANDJES, D. P. M</creator><creator>BÜLLER, H. R</creator><creator>STAM, J</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051001</creationdate><title>Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease</title><author>SQUIZZATO, A ; GERDES, V. E. A ; BRANDJES, D. P. M ; BÜLLER, H. R ; STAM, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-b2ce9b4cb1b31594fe18d8505e2afb880935220c14bb896aa1200fa6f26eaf373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Antiphospholipid Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Atrial Fibrillation</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - complications</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications</topic><topic>Embolism - complications</topic><topic>Endocardial and cardiac valvular diseases</topic><topic>Errors of metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Giant Cell Arteritis - complications</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperthyroidism - complications</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism - complications</topic><topic>Lipids (lysosomal enzyme disorders, storage diseases)</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolic diseases</topic><topic>Moyamoya Disease - complications</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Thrombophilia - complications</topic><topic>Thyroid Diseases - complications</topic><topic>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</topic><topic>Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - complications</topic><topic>Venous Thrombosis - complications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SQUIZZATO, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GERDES, V. E. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BRANDJES, D. P. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BÜLLER, H. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STAM, J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SQUIZZATO, A</au><au>GERDES, V. E. A</au><au>BRANDJES, D. P. M</au><au>BÜLLER, H. R</au><au>STAM, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease</atitle><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><date>2005-10-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2302</spage><epage>2310</epage><pages>2302-2310</pages><issn>0039-2499</issn><eissn>1524-4628</eissn><coden>SJCCA7</coden><abstract>Acute cerebral ischemia has been described in different diseases of the thyroid gland, and not only as a result of thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies on the relationship between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, discussing the main findings for overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as for subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
In overt hyperthyroidism, cardioembolic stroke is clearly associated to thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, and in subclinical hyperthyroidism with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels <0.1 mU/L, the incidence of atrial fibrillation is increased. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate a hypercoagulability state in hyperthyroidism, there is insufficient evidence to prove that this state leads to an increased risk of cardiac emboli. However, the hypothesis that overt hyperthyroidism may cause acute cerebral venous thrombosis is intriguing. Possible associations between hyperthyroidism and Moyamoya or Giant cell arteritis have only been described in case reports. There is enough evidence that overt hypothyroidism is associated with several traditional and newer atherosclerotic risk factors, especially hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia. For subclinical hypothyroidism, these associations are less certain. Hypothyroidism has been associated with signs of aortic or coronary atherosclerosis, but no case-control or cohort studies have ever investigated hypothyroidism as a possible risk factor for atherothrombotic stroke.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke. Hypothyroidism is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile and leads to progression of atherosclerosis. Associations between hyperthyroidism and acute cerebral venous thrombosis, Moyamoya, and Giant cell arteritis have been suggested, but sound evidence is lacking. Additional studies are needed to clarify these issues.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>16179578</pmid><doi>10.1161/01.str.0000181772.78492.07</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Heart Association Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Antiphospholipid Syndrome - complications Atrial Fibrillation Biological and medical sciences Blood Pressure Brain Ischemia - complications Cardiology. Vascular system Case-Control Studies Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications Embolism - complications Endocardial and cardiac valvular diseases Errors of metabolism Female Giant Cell Arteritis - complications Heart Humans Hyperthyroidism - complications Hypothyroidism - complications Lipids (lysosomal enzyme disorders, storage diseases) Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Moyamoya Disease - complications Neurology Risk Risk Factors Stroke Thrombophilia - complications Thyroid Diseases - complications Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - complications Venous Thrombosis - complications |
| title | Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease |
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