Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report
Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of psychosomatic research 2005-08, Vol.59 (2), p.73-76 |
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| creator | Spitzer, Carsten Brandl, Stephan Rose, Hans-Joachim Nauck, Matthias Freyberger, Harald J. |
| description | Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.
Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).
Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (
r=.80).
Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.006 |
| format | Article |
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Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).
Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (
r=.80).
Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3999</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16186001</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPCRAT</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Affective Symptoms - epidemiology ; Affective Symptoms - physiopathology ; Affective Symptoms - urine ; Alexithymia ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Cortisol ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - urine ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - urine ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mood disorders ; N/C ratio ; Norepinephrine - urine ; Personality traits ; Personality. Affectivity ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology ; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - urine ; Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol</subject><ispartof>Journal of psychosomatic research, 2005-08, Vol.59 (2), p.73-76</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-5e240114f041f41907e64ccb864625bcdcec799cf6622b7bffe0fc16c6ff54db3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-5e240114f041f41907e64ccb864625bcdcec799cf6622b7bffe0fc16c6ff54db3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002239990400546X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,30977,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17293130$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186001$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Spitzer, Carsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandl, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rose, Hans-Joachim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nauck, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freyberger, Harald J.</creatorcontrib><title>Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report</title><title>Journal of psychosomatic research</title><addtitle>J Psychosom Res</addtitle><description>Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.
Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).
Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (
r=.80).
Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Affective Symptoms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Affective Symptoms - physiopathology</subject><subject>Affective Symptoms - urine</subject><subject>Alexithymia</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - urine</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - urine</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>N/C ratio</subject><subject>Norepinephrine - urine</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Personality. Affectivity</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - urine</subject><subject>Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol</subject><issn>0022-3999</issn><issn>1879-1360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0cFu3CAQBmBUtWq2SV6h4tLe7AwYY_uYRm0aKVIuzRnh8aBlZRsXvFX37cNqV9pjLnD5_hmYYYwLKAUIfbcrd0s64DZESqUEUCU0JYD-wDaibbpCVBo-sg2AlEXVdd0V-5LSDrLoZP2ZXQktWg0gNgwfaR4oFmkh9M4jtykF9Hb1YebBcTvSf79uD5O33M4Dn3PLxc-0bGM-7zDE1acw8nhMpJLf8yXS6Cc_23jg2WZwwz45Oya6Pd_X7PXXzz8Pv4vnl8enh_vnAlXbrEVNUoEQyoESTokOGtIKsW-10rLucUDCpuvQaS1l3_TOETgUGrVztRr66pp9P9VdYvi7p7SaySekcbQzhX0yutVVrq3ehXUjFFSVzLA9QYwhpUjOLNFP-WdGgDluwuzMZRPmuAkDjclzztGv5x77fqLhEjyPPoNvZ2AT2tFFO6NPF9fIrhIVZPfj5CiP7p-naBJ6mpEGHwlXMwT__mveAE9Krso</recordid><startdate>20050801</startdate><enddate>20050801</enddate><creator>Spitzer, Carsten</creator><creator>Brandl, Stephan</creator><creator>Rose, Hans-Joachim</creator><creator>Nauck, Matthias</creator><creator>Freyberger, Harald J.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050801</creationdate><title>Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report</title><author>Spitzer, Carsten ; Brandl, Stephan ; Rose, Hans-Joachim ; Nauck, Matthias ; Freyberger, Harald J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-5e240114f041f41907e64ccb864625bcdcec799cf6622b7bffe0fc16c6ff54db3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Affective Symptoms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Affective Symptoms - physiopathology</topic><topic>Affective Symptoms - urine</topic><topic>Alexithymia</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</topic><topic>Cortisol</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - urine</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - urine</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>N/C ratio</topic><topic>Norepinephrine - urine</topic><topic>Personality traits</topic><topic>Personality. Affectivity</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - urine</topic><topic>Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Spitzer, Carsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandl, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rose, Hans-Joachim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nauck, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freyberger, Harald J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of psychosomatic research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Spitzer, Carsten</au><au>Brandl, Stephan</au><au>Rose, Hans-Joachim</au><au>Nauck, Matthias</au><au>Freyberger, Harald J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report</atitle><jtitle>Journal of psychosomatic research</jtitle><addtitle>J Psychosom Res</addtitle><date>2005-08-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>73</spage><epage>76</epage><pages>73-76</pages><issn>0022-3999</issn><eissn>1879-1360</eissn><coden>JPCRAT</coden><abstract>Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.
Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).
Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (
r=.80).
Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>16186001</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.006</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of psychosomatic research, 2005-08, Vol.59 (2), p.73-76 |
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| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Affective Symptoms - epidemiology Affective Symptoms - physiopathology Affective Symptoms - urine Alexithymia Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Cortisol Depression Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology Depressive Disorder, Major - urine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hydrocortisone - urine Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood disorders N/C ratio Norepinephrine - urine Personality traits Personality. Affectivity Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Sex Factors Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - urine Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol |
| title | Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report |
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