Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?
The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficu...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2005-07, Vol.5 (3), p.213-224 |
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description | The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficult to evaluate in the growing skeleton. Even with adequate "adjustment" for bone size or maturity, bone "density" (areal or volumetric) alone often gives an inaccurate assessment of bone strength--especially in children. Ideally, we would like to measure both material and geometric properties of bone to accurately estimate "strength". Mechanically meaningful measures of bone geometry (bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness) and estimates of bending strength (section modulus, or SSI) are available with non-invasive techniques such as (p)QCT and some DXA software. With new technology it might be possible to also measure bone material properties, which will be especially important in some pediatric disorders. In children, we also need to know something about the loads imposed on a child's bone and consider not only absolute bone strength, but also the strength of bone relative to the physiologic loads. Interpreting bone strength in light of the loads imposed (particularly muscle force) is critical for an accurate diagnosis of the developing bone. |
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Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficult to evaluate in the growing skeleton. Even with adequate "adjustment" for bone size or maturity, bone "density" (areal or volumetric) alone often gives an inaccurate assessment of bone strength--especially in children. Ideally, we would like to measure both material and geometric properties of bone to accurately estimate "strength". Mechanically meaningful measures of bone geometry (bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness) and estimates of bending strength (section modulus, or SSI) are available with non-invasive techniques such as (p)QCT and some DXA software. With new technology it might be possible to also measure bone material properties, which will be especially important in some pediatric disorders. In children, we also need to know something about the loads imposed on a child's bone and consider not only absolute bone strength, but also the strength of bone relative to the physiologic loads. Interpreting bone strength in light of the loads imposed (particularly muscle force) is critical for an accurate diagnosis of the developing bone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1108-7161</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16172512</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Greece</publisher><subject>Aging - physiology ; Anthropometry - methods ; Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology ; Bone and Bones - physiology ; Bone Density - physiology ; Bone Development - physiology ; Calcification, Physiologic - physiology ; Child ; Humans ; Software ; Stress, Mechanical ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions, 2005-07, Vol.5 (3), p.213-224</ispartof><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172512$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Petit, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beck, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontulainen, S A</creatorcontrib><title>Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?</title><title>Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions</title><addtitle>J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact</addtitle><description>The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficult to evaluate in the growing skeleton. Even with adequate "adjustment" for bone size or maturity, bone "density" (areal or volumetric) alone often gives an inaccurate assessment of bone strength--especially in children. Ideally, we would like to measure both material and geometric properties of bone to accurately estimate "strength". Mechanically meaningful measures of bone geometry (bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness) and estimates of bending strength (section modulus, or SSI) are available with non-invasive techniques such as (p)QCT and some DXA software. With new technology it might be possible to also measure bone material properties, which will be especially important in some pediatric disorders. In children, we also need to know something about the loads imposed on a child's bone and consider not only absolute bone strength, but also the strength of bone relative to the physiologic loads. Interpreting bone strength in light of the loads imposed (particularly muscle force) is critical for an accurate diagnosis of the developing bone.</description><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Anthropometry - methods</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - physiology</subject><subject>Bone Density - physiology</subject><subject>Bone Development - physiology</subject><subject>Calcification, Physiologic - physiology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>1108-7161</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkD1PwzAYhD2AaCn8BeSJLZLt-CNmQahqAakSSyvGyLFfk6AkDnFC4d-TijCz3OlOj264M7SklGSJopIu0GWM74Qwyhm5QIupUkxQtkTbzZdpqrZq3_BQAnbwCXXoTrEILdzh19IM2AV8BNyAiWMP2LQOl-E4t5NWw_0VOvemjnA9-wodtpv9-inZvTw-rx92SUeFGBIliXbcEiF96lTGmPfgwDimtTfUWWWZpFZQrwulCmNToTkQ6wVnzKRTXqHb392uDx8jxCFvqmihrk0LYYy5zCQRmeb_glQJLbg6gTczOBYNuLzrq8b03_nfRekPkgdgZw</recordid><startdate>200507</startdate><enddate>200507</enddate><creator>Petit, M A</creator><creator>Beck, T J</creator><creator>Kontulainen, S A</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200507</creationdate><title>Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?</title><author>Petit, M A ; Beck, T J ; Kontulainen, S A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p155t-7609d4c056f3d7822ffedead299fa1dc7c261c51f9b77bac3594e0cf5422a3ac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Anthropometry - methods</topic><topic>Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Bone and Bones - physiology</topic><topic>Bone Density - physiology</topic><topic>Bone Development - physiology</topic><topic>Calcification, Physiologic - physiology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Petit, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beck, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontulainen, S A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Petit, M A</au><au>Beck, T J</au><au>Kontulainen, S A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?</atitle><jtitle>Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions</jtitle><addtitle>J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact</addtitle><date>2005-07</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>213</spage><epage>224</epage><pages>213-224</pages><issn>1108-7161</issn><abstract>The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficult to evaluate in the growing skeleton. Even with adequate "adjustment" for bone size or maturity, bone "density" (areal or volumetric) alone often gives an inaccurate assessment of bone strength--especially in children. Ideally, we would like to measure both material and geometric properties of bone to accurately estimate "strength". Mechanically meaningful measures of bone geometry (bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness) and estimates of bending strength (section modulus, or SSI) are available with non-invasive techniques such as (p)QCT and some DXA software. With new technology it might be possible to also measure bone material properties, which will be especially important in some pediatric disorders. In children, we also need to know something about the loads imposed on a child's bone and consider not only absolute bone strength, but also the strength of bone relative to the physiologic loads. Interpreting bone strength in light of the loads imposed (particularly muscle force) is critical for an accurate diagnosis of the developing bone.</abstract><cop>Greece</cop><pmid>16172512</pmid><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aging - physiology Anthropometry - methods Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology Bone and Bones - physiology Bone Density - physiology Bone Development - physiology Calcification, Physiologic - physiology Child Humans Software Stress, Mechanical Weight-Bearing - physiology |
title | Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it? |
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