Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?

The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficu...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2005-07, Vol.5 (3), p.213-224
Hauptverfasser: Petit, M A, Beck, T J, Kontulainen, S A
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creator Petit, M A
Beck, T J
Kontulainen, S A
description The clinical tools available to evaluate bone development in children are often ambiguous, and difficult to interpret. Unfortunately bone densitometry methods (i.e., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) which have a relatively straightforward application in adult osteoporosis, are far more difficult to evaluate in the growing skeleton. Even with adequate "adjustment" for bone size or maturity, bone "density" (areal or volumetric) alone often gives an inaccurate assessment of bone strength--especially in children. Ideally, we would like to measure both material and geometric properties of bone to accurately estimate "strength". Mechanically meaningful measures of bone geometry (bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness) and estimates of bending strength (section modulus, or SSI) are available with non-invasive techniques such as (p)QCT and some DXA software. With new technology it might be possible to also measure bone material properties, which will be especially important in some pediatric disorders. In children, we also need to know something about the loads imposed on a child's bone and consider not only absolute bone strength, but also the strength of bone relative to the physiologic loads. Interpreting bone strength in light of the loads imposed (particularly muscle force) is critical for an accurate diagnosis of the developing bone.
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subjects Aging - physiology
Anthropometry - methods
Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology
Bone and Bones - physiology
Bone Density - physiology
Bone Development - physiology
Calcification, Physiologic - physiology
Child
Humans
Software
Stress, Mechanical
Weight-Bearing - physiology
title Examining the developing bone: What do we measure and how do we do it?
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