Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families
African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 2005-09, Vol.41 (5), p.723-732 |
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| creator | Roopnarine, Jaipaul L Fouts, Hillary N Lamb, Michael E Lewis-Elligan, Tracey Y |
| description | African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mothers were more available to infants than fathers were, regardless of socioeconomic status. Mothers fed infants more than fathers did, whereas fathers vocalized more and displayed more affection to infants than mothers did when they were examined in proportion to caregiver presence. Mothers and fathers interacted with male and female infants quite similarly, although, in the upper socioeconomic families, fathers of daughters were more available than fathers of sons. Fathers and mothers in the different socioeconomic groups held, displayed affection to, and soothed their infants differently. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.723 |
| format | Article |
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Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mothers were more available to infants than fathers were, regardless of socioeconomic status. Mothers fed infants more than fathers did, whereas fathers vocalized more and displayed more affection to infants than mothers did when they were examined in proportion to caregiver presence. Mothers and fathers interacted with male and female infants quite similarly, although, in the upper socioeconomic families, fathers of daughters were more available than fathers of sons. Fathers and mothers in the different socioeconomic groups held, displayed affection to, and soothed their infants differently.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1649</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0599</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.723</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16173870</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DEVPA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; African Americans ; Behavior ; Behavioural psychology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Black American people ; Black People ; Caregivers - psychology ; Caregiving ; Child care ; Child development ; Child Rearing ; Childrearing Practices ; Developmental psychology ; Egalitarianism ; Family (Sociological Unit) ; Family - psychology ; Family Socioeconomic Status ; Family studies ; Father Child Relations ; Father-Infant interactions ; Fatherhood ; Fathers ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gender Differences ; Gender differentiation ; Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Infants ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Mother Child Relations ; Mother-Infant interactions ; Motherhood ; Mothers ; Newborn. Infant ; Parent Behavior ; Parent Child Relationship ; Parental bonding ; Parenting ; Parents & parenting ; Paternal Behavior ; Psychological Needs ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mothers were more available to infants than fathers were, regardless of socioeconomic status. Mothers fed infants more than fathers did, whereas fathers vocalized more and displayed more affection to infants than mothers did when they were examined in proportion to caregiver presence. Mothers and fathers interacted with male and female infants quite similarly, although, in the upper socioeconomic families, fathers of daughters were more available than fathers of sons. Fathers and mothers in the different socioeconomic groups held, displayed affection to, and soothed their infants differently.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavioural psychology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Black American people</subject><subject>Black People</subject><subject>Caregivers - psychology</subject><subject>Caregiving</subject><subject>Child care</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child Rearing</subject><subject>Childrearing Practices</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Egalitarianism</subject><subject>Family (Sociological Unit)</subject><subject>Family - psychology</subject><subject>Family Socioeconomic Status</subject><subject>Family studies</subject><subject>Father Child Relations</subject><subject>Father-Infant interactions</subject><subject>Fatherhood</subject><subject>Fathers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gender Differences</subject><subject>Gender differentiation</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Care</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maternal Behavior</subject><subject>Mother Child Relations</subject><subject>Mother-Infant interactions</subject><subject>Motherhood</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Newborn. Infant</subject><subject>Parent Behavior</subject><subject>Parent Child Relationship</subject><subject>Parental bonding</subject><subject>Parenting</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Paternal Behavior</subject><subject>Psychological Needs</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Social Behavior</subject><subject>Social Differences</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Influences</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Status</subject><subject>U.S.A</subject><subject>Young Children</subject><issn>0012-1649</issn><issn>1939-0599</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkt1uEzEQhVcIREvhBRBCFuLngm7w_64vQ9VAUaJekF5bjnesuNq1t_amVV-Bp2ZDohYQolf26HwzGvuconhJ8IRgVn3CmNCSSK4mnEzEpKLsUXFIFFMlFko9Lg7vgIPiWc6XY8mZEk-LAyJJxeoKHxY_FnFYQ8ofkAkNmpl98RnW5trHlNEy3pjUoOUafEKsRENEvFzEMKzL87ZBZ8GZMGTkA5rHG0jHaOGbpoXjX_Mu-h4S-h6tj2BjiJ23aOqStyagaQe7y8x0vvWQnxdPnGkzvNifR8XF7HR58rWcn385O5nOSyMYG8oKGGDXCOXsirkVNw1xltcrUEZJLFcUG2lV5YhzwjZQ1yA547USlWikqwQ7Kt7v5vYpXm0gD7rz2ULbmgBxk7Ws5fhRtH4QFBURilLyIMhqoqQkbATf_AVexk0K42u1JJxTLEZf_gNRygXHUm53ozvIpphzAqf75DuTbjXBepsOvTVfb83XnGihx3SMTa_3kzerDpr7ln0cRuDdHjDZmtYlE6zP91xFMKecjtyrHbe18E4-_VYxJoUa5Y872fRG9_nWmjR420K2m5QgDLqB69-3evtv-k_sJ0lj5O8</recordid><startdate>20050901</startdate><enddate>20050901</enddate><creator>Roopnarine, Jaipaul L</creator><creator>Fouts, Hillary N</creator><creator>Lamb, Michael E</creator><creator>Lewis-Elligan, Tracey Y</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-268X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20050901</creationdate><title>Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families</title><author>Roopnarine, Jaipaul L ; Fouts, Hillary N ; Lamb, Michael E ; Lewis-Elligan, Tracey Y</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a533t-7e3e0fd59fcb3fb4ad1fc48be9a9606b20a6c97f1ff5cde88e643489575d6f753</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Americans</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Behavioural psychology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Black American people</topic><topic>Black People</topic><topic>Caregivers - psychology</topic><topic>Caregiving</topic><topic>Child care</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child Rearing</topic><topic>Childrearing Practices</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Egalitarianism</topic><topic>Family (Sociological Unit)</topic><topic>Family - psychology</topic><topic>Family Socioeconomic Status</topic><topic>Family studies</topic><topic>Father Child Relations</topic><topic>Father-Infant interactions</topic><topic>Fatherhood</topic><topic>Fathers</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gender Differences</topic><topic>Gender differentiation</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Care</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maternal Behavior</topic><topic>Mother Child Relations</topic><topic>Mother-Infant interactions</topic><topic>Motherhood</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Newborn. Infant</topic><topic>Parent Behavior</topic><topic>Parent Child Relationship</topic><topic>Parental bonding</topic><topic>Parenting</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Paternal Behavior</topic><topic>Psychological Needs</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Social Behavior</topic><topic>Social Differences</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Influences</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Status</topic><topic>U.S.A</topic><topic>Young Children</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Roopnarine, Jaipaul L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fouts, Hillary N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamb, Michael E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis-Elligan, Tracey Y</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Roopnarine, Jaipaul L</au><au>Fouts, Hillary N</au><au>Lamb, Michael E</au><au>Lewis-Elligan, Tracey Y</au><au>García Coll, Cynthia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ733659</ericid><atitle>Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families</atitle><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Psychol</addtitle><date>2005-09-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>723</spage><epage>732</epage><pages>723-732</pages><issn>0012-1649</issn><eissn>1939-0599</eissn><coden>DEVPA9</coden><abstract>African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mothers were more available to infants than fathers were, regardless of socioeconomic status. Mothers fed infants more than fathers did, whereas fathers vocalized more and displayed more affection to infants than mothers did when they were examined in proportion to caregiver presence. Mothers and fathers interacted with male and female infants quite similarly, although, in the upper socioeconomic families, fathers of daughters were more available than fathers of sons. Fathers and mothers in the different socioeconomic groups held, displayed affection to, and soothed their infants differently.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>16173870</pmid><doi>10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.723</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-268X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Developmental psychology, 2005-09, Vol.41 (5), p.723-732 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES |
| subjects | Adult African Americans Behavior Behavioural psychology Biological and medical sciences Black American people Black People Caregivers - psychology Caregiving Child care Child development Child Rearing Childrearing Practices Developmental psychology Egalitarianism Family (Sociological Unit) Family - psychology Family Socioeconomic Status Family studies Father Child Relations Father-Infant interactions Fatherhood Fathers Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender Differences Gender differentiation Human Humans Infant Infant Care Infants Male Maternal Behavior Mother Child Relations Mother-Infant interactions Motherhood Mothers Newborn. Infant Parent Behavior Parent Child Relationship Parental bonding Parenting Parents & parenting Paternal Behavior Psychological Needs Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Social Behavior Social Differences Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic Influences Socioeconomic Status U.S.A Young Children |
| title | Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families |
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