Potential Marker for Smoked Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Based on a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quantification Method for trans-Phenylpropene

Residue from smoked methamphetamine hydrochloride contains pyrolytic products that are detectable by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A validated GC-MS method was developed for the determination of trans-phenylpropene, a pyrolytic product of methamphetamine HCI, in residue of smoked drug as well as in human urine, trans-Phenylpropene and an isomeric internal standard, 2-phenylpropene, were extracted from urine using n-hexane. The method was validated for linearity over a range of 0.1–10 µg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.05 µg/mL, limit of quantification of 0.1 pg/mL, interday accuracy within 10.5%, intraday accuracy better than 3.7%, interday precision of 15.4%, intraday precision of 14.4%, and recovery of 89.1%. The method was applied to the detection of trans-phenylpropene found in the residue of methamphetamine HCI heated beyond its melting temperature on aluminum foil under simulated smoking conditions. The method is applicable to the detection of trans-phenylpropene in urine as a potential marker for smoked methamphetamine HCl abuse.