Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis – still more questions than answers?
In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mecha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Phytochemistry 2005-09, Vol.66 (18), p.2127-2144 |
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| container_title | Phytochemistry |
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| creator | Xie, De-Yu Dixon, Richard A. |
| description | In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of proanthocyanidin assembly.
Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units. In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of assembly. We review the structures of proanthocyanidins reported over the past 12 years in the context of biosynthesis, and summarize the outstanding questions concerning synthesis of proanthocyanidins from the chemical, biochemical and molecular genetic perspectives. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.008 |
| format | Article |
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Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units. In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of assembly. We review the structures of proanthocyanidins reported over the past 12 years in the context of biosynthesis, and summarize the outstanding questions concerning synthesis of proanthocyanidins from the chemical, biochemical and molecular genetic perspectives.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-9422</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3700</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16153412</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Anthocyanidin reductase ; Biological and medical sciences ; biosynthesis ; Catechin ; Chemical constitution ; chemical structure ; Epicatechin ; Flavan-3-ols ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; literature reviews ; Metabolism ; Metabolism. Physicochemical requirements ; Molecular Structure ; phytochemicals ; plant biochemistry ; Plant physiology and development ; Plants - metabolism ; polymers ; Proanthocyanidins ; Proanthocyanidins - biosynthesis ; Proanthocyanidins - chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins - metabolism ; structure-activity relationships ; Tannins</subject><ispartof>Phytochemistry, 2005-09, Vol.66 (18), p.2127-2144</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-564649527edd03b41bb7c2b57de9805cd6f1dd4aee4a6f3ad94a64925d40fc653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-564649527edd03b41bb7c2b57de9805cd6f1dd4aee4a6f3ad94a64925d40fc653</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.008$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>310,311,315,781,785,790,791,3551,23932,23933,25142,27926,27927,45997</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17158194$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16153412$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xie, De-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, Richard A.</creatorcontrib><title>Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis – still more questions than answers?</title><title>Phytochemistry</title><addtitle>Phytochemistry</addtitle><description>In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of proanthocyanidin assembly.
Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units. In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of assembly. We review the structures of proanthocyanidins reported over the past 12 years in the context of biosynthesis, and summarize the outstanding questions concerning synthesis of proanthocyanidins from the chemical, biochemical and molecular genetic perspectives.</description><subject>Anthocyanidin reductase</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>biosynthesis</subject><subject>Catechin</subject><subject>Chemical constitution</subject><subject>chemical structure</subject><subject>Epicatechin</subject><subject>Flavan-3-ols</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>literature reviews</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolism. Physicochemical requirements</subject><subject>Molecular Structure</subject><subject>phytochemicals</subject><subject>plant biochemistry</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plants - metabolism</subject><subject>polymers</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins - chemistry</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins - metabolism</subject><subject>structure-activity relationships</subject><subject>Tannins</subject><issn>0031-9422</issn><issn>1873-3700</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c1u1DAQB3ALgei28Ao0F7gljOOv5ISqAgWpEkjQs-XYE9arxF7sbNHeeAfekCfBy67okdPI1m_s0X8IuaTQUKDy9abZrvdLtGucmxZANEAbgO4RWdFOsZopgMdkBcBo3fO2PSPnOW-gQCHlU3JGJRWM03ZF3n5O0YRlHe3eBO98qAYf877cYPa5-v3zV5UXP03VHBNW33dYTjHkalmbUJmQf2DKb56RJ6OZMj4_1Qty9_7d1-sP9e2nm4_XV7e1FaxbaiG55L1oFToHbOB0GJRtB6Ec9h0I6-RIneMGkRs5MuP6UnnfCsdhtFKwC_Lq-O42xb-j6Nlni9NkAsZd1rITHTB1gOoIbYo5Jxz1NvnZpL2moA8B6o3-F6A-BKiB6hJg6Xxx-mI3zOge-k6JFfDyBEy2ZhqTCdbnB6eo6GjPi7s8utFEbb6lYu6-tEAZUGBlC6qIq6PAEtm9x6Sz9RgsOp_QLtpF_99x_wA73p4S</recordid><startdate>20050901</startdate><enddate>20050901</enddate><creator>Xie, De-Yu</creator><creator>Dixon, Richard A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050901</creationdate><title>Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis – still more questions than answers?</title><author>Xie, De-Yu ; Dixon, Richard A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-564649527edd03b41bb7c2b57de9805cd6f1dd4aee4a6f3ad94a64925d40fc653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Anthocyanidin reductase</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>biosynthesis</topic><topic>Catechin</topic><topic>Chemical constitution</topic><topic>chemical structure</topic><topic>Epicatechin</topic><topic>Flavan-3-ols</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Physicochemical requirements</topic><topic>Molecular Structure</topic><topic>phytochemicals</topic><topic>plant biochemistry</topic><topic>Plant physiology and development</topic><topic>Plants - metabolism</topic><topic>polymers</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins - chemistry</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins - metabolism</topic><topic>structure-activity relationships</topic><topic>Tannins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xie, De-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, Richard A.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Phytochemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xie, De-Yu</au><au>Dixon, Richard A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis – still more questions than answers?</atitle><jtitle>Phytochemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Phytochemistry</addtitle><date>2005-09-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>2127</spage><epage>2144</epage><pages>2127-2144</pages><issn>0031-9422</issn><eissn>1873-3700</eissn><abstract>In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of proanthocyanidin assembly.
Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units. In spite of important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the major building blocks of proanthocyanidins, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, important questions still remain to be answered as to the exact nature of the molecular species that undergo polymerization, and the mechanisms of assembly. We review the structures of proanthocyanidins reported over the past 12 years in the context of biosynthesis, and summarize the outstanding questions concerning synthesis of proanthocyanidins from the chemical, biochemical and molecular genetic perspectives.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>16153412</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.008</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anthocyanidin reductase Biological and medical sciences biosynthesis Catechin Chemical constitution chemical structure Epicatechin Flavan-3-ols Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology literature reviews Metabolism Metabolism. Physicochemical requirements Molecular Structure phytochemicals plant biochemistry Plant physiology and development Plants - metabolism polymers Proanthocyanidins Proanthocyanidins - biosynthesis Proanthocyanidins - chemistry Proanthocyanidins - metabolism structure-activity relationships Tannins |
| title | Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis – still more questions than answers? |
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