Two-year changes in bone and body composition in young children with a history of prolonged milk avoidance
No previous longitudinal studies of calcium intake, anthropometry and bone health in young children with a history of avoiding cow's milk have been undertaken. We report the 2-year changes of a group of 46 Caucasian children (28 girls, l8 boys) aged 8.1+/-2.0 years (mean +/- SD) who had low cal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Osteoporosis international 2005-09, Vol.16 (9), p.1016-1023 |
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| creator | ROCKELL, J. E. P WILLIAMS, S. M TAYLOR, R. W GRANT, A. M JONES, I. E GOULDING, A |
| description | No previous longitudinal studies of calcium intake, anthropometry and bone health in young children with a history of avoiding cow's milk have been undertaken. We report the 2-year changes of a group of 46 Caucasian children (28 girls, l8 boys) aged 8.1+/-2.0 years (mean +/- SD) who had low calcium intakes at baseline and were short in stature, with elevated body mass index, poor skeletons and lower Z scores for both areal bone mineral density (BMD, in grams per square centimeter) and volumetric density (bone mineral apparent density, BMAD, in grams per cubic centimeter), compared with a reference population of milk drinkers. At follow-up, adverse symptoms to milk had diminished and modest increases in milk consumption and calcium intake had occurred. Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry had increased (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00198-004-1789-9 |
| format | Article |
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E. P ; WILLIAMS, S. M ; TAYLOR, R. W ; GRANT, A. M ; JONES, I. E ; GOULDING, A</creator><creatorcontrib>ROCKELL, J. E. P ; WILLIAMS, S. M ; TAYLOR, R. W ; GRANT, A. M ; JONES, I. E ; GOULDING, A</creatorcontrib><description>No previous longitudinal studies of calcium intake, anthropometry and bone health in young children with a history of avoiding cow's milk have been undertaken. We report the 2-year changes of a group of 46 Caucasian children (28 girls, l8 boys) aged 8.1+/-2.0 years (mean +/- SD) who had low calcium intakes at baseline and were short in stature, with elevated body mass index, poor skeletons and lower Z scores for both areal bone mineral density (BMD, in grams per square centimeter) and volumetric density (bone mineral apparent density, BMAD, in grams per cubic centimeter), compared with a reference population of milk drinkers. At follow-up, adverse symptoms to milk had diminished and modest increases in milk consumption and calcium intake had occurred. Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry had increased (P<0.05), and calcium intake from all sources was associated with both these measures (P<0.05). However, although some catch-up in height had taken place, the group remained significantly shorter than the reference population (Z scores -0.39+/-1.14), with elevated body mass index (Z scores 0.46+/-1.0). The ultradistal radius BMC Z scores remained low (-0.31+/-0.98). The Z scores for BMD had improved to lie within the normal range at predominantly cortical sites (33% radius, neck of femur and hip trochanter) but had worsened at predominantly trabecular sites (ultradistal radius and lumbar spine), where values lay below those of the reference group (P<0.05). Similarly, although volumetric BMAD Z scores at the 33% radius had normalized, BMAD Z scores at the lumbar spine remained below the reference population at follow-up (-0.67+/-1.12, P<0.001). Our results demonstrate persisting height reduction, overweight and osteopenia at the ultradistal radius and lumbar spine in young milk avoiders over 2 years of follow-up.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-941X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-2965</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00198-004-1789-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15565350</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Springer</publisher><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Anthropometry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body composition ; Body Composition - physiology ; Body Height - physiology ; Body mass index ; Bone density ; Bone Density - physiology ; Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food ; Food Preferences ; Fractures ; Growth - physiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Milk ; Nutrition research ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis. 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E. P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILLIAMS, S. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAYLOR, R. W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GRANT, A. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JONES, I. E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GOULDING, A</creatorcontrib><title>Two-year changes in bone and body composition in young children with a history of prolonged milk avoidance</title><title>Osteoporosis international</title><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><description>No previous longitudinal studies of calcium intake, anthropometry and bone health in young children with a history of avoiding cow's milk have been undertaken. We report the 2-year changes of a group of 46 Caucasian children (28 girls, l8 boys) aged 8.1+/-2.0 years (mean +/- SD) who had low calcium intakes at baseline and were short in stature, with elevated body mass index, poor skeletons and lower Z scores for both areal bone mineral density (BMD, in grams per square centimeter) and volumetric density (bone mineral apparent density, BMAD, in grams per cubic centimeter), compared with a reference population of milk drinkers. At follow-up, adverse symptoms to milk had diminished and modest increases in milk consumption and calcium intake had occurred. Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry had increased (P<0.05), and calcium intake from all sources was associated with both these measures (P<0.05). However, although some catch-up in height had taken place, the group remained significantly shorter than the reference population (Z scores -0.39+/-1.14), with elevated body mass index (Z scores 0.46+/-1.0). The ultradistal radius BMC Z scores remained low (-0.31+/-0.98). The Z scores for BMD had improved to lie within the normal range at predominantly cortical sites (33% radius, neck of femur and hip trochanter) but had worsened at predominantly trabecular sites (ultradistal radius and lumbar spine), where values lay below those of the reference group (P<0.05). Similarly, although volumetric BMAD Z scores at the 33% radius had normalized, BMAD Z scores at the lumbar spine remained below the reference population at follow-up (-0.67+/-1.12, P<0.001). Our results demonstrate persisting height reduction, overweight and osteopenia at the ultradistal radius and lumbar spine in young milk avoiders over 2 years of follow-up.</description><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthropometry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Body Height - physiology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Bone density</subject><subject>Bone Density - physiology</subject><subject>Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food Preferences</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Growth - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Osteoporosis</subject><subject>Osteoporosis. 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E. P</au><au>WILLIAMS, S. M</au><au>TAYLOR, R. W</au><au>GRANT, A. M</au><au>JONES, I. E</au><au>GOULDING, A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Two-year changes in bone and body composition in young children with a history of prolonged milk avoidance</atitle><jtitle>Osteoporosis international</jtitle><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><date>2005-09-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1016</spage><epage>1023</epage><pages>1016-1023</pages><issn>0937-941X</issn><eissn>1433-2965</eissn><abstract>No previous longitudinal studies of calcium intake, anthropometry and bone health in young children with a history of avoiding cow's milk have been undertaken. We report the 2-year changes of a group of 46 Caucasian children (28 girls, l8 boys) aged 8.1+/-2.0 years (mean +/- SD) who had low calcium intakes at baseline and were short in stature, with elevated body mass index, poor skeletons and lower Z scores for both areal bone mineral density (BMD, in grams per square centimeter) and volumetric density (bone mineral apparent density, BMAD, in grams per cubic centimeter), compared with a reference population of milk drinkers. At follow-up, adverse symptoms to milk had diminished and modest increases in milk consumption and calcium intake had occurred. Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry had increased (P<0.05), and calcium intake from all sources was associated with both these measures (P<0.05). However, although some catch-up in height had taken place, the group remained significantly shorter than the reference population (Z scores -0.39+/-1.14), with elevated body mass index (Z scores 0.46+/-1.0). The ultradistal radius BMC Z scores remained low (-0.31+/-0.98). The Z scores for BMD had improved to lie within the normal range at predominantly cortical sites (33% radius, neck of femur and hip trochanter) but had worsened at predominantly trabecular sites (ultradistal radius and lumbar spine), where values lay below those of the reference group (P<0.05). Similarly, although volumetric BMAD Z scores at the 33% radius had normalized, BMAD Z scores at the lumbar spine remained below the reference population at follow-up (-0.67+/-1.12, P<0.001). Our results demonstrate persisting height reduction, overweight and osteopenia at the ultradistal radius and lumbar spine in young milk avoiders over 2 years of follow-up.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>15565350</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00198-004-1789-9</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorptiometry, Photon Animals Anthropometry Biological and medical sciences Body composition Body Composition - physiology Body Height - physiology Body mass index Bone density Bone Density - physiology Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage Child Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology Diseases of the osteoarticular system Feeding Behavior Female Food Food Preferences Fractures Growth - physiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology Male Medical sciences Milk Nutrition research Osteoporosis Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease Questionnaires Radius - physiology White people |
| title | Two-year changes in bone and body composition in young children with a history of prolonged milk avoidance |
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