Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of the novel pulicide, spinosad, for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs
Spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide produced from a family of natural products derived from fermentation of the actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary parasitology 2007-12, Vol.150 (4), p.345-351 |
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| creator | Snyder, Daniel E. Meyer, Jeffery Zimmermann, Alan G. Qiao, Meihua Gissendanner, Sonya J. Cruthers, Larry R. Slone, Robyn L. Young, David R. |
| description | Spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide produced from a family of natural products derived from fermentation of the actinomycete,
Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally induced flea infestations (
Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs, and to assess any potential impacts of feeding canned or dry food at the time of dosing. Both were randomized block (blocked by gender and pre-treatment flea counts), blinded parallel-arm studies, with dogs selected on health and ability to maintain pre-treatment flea populations. For dose selection, 48 dogs were allocated among six groups (8
dogs/group; 4 males, 4 females): placebo-treated negative control, spinosad in gelatin capsules at 15, 20, 30 and 40
mg/kg administered
per os; and topical imidacloprid (10
mg/kg) as a positive control. Placebo and spinosad treatments were administered on Days 0, 30 and 60, imidacloprid only on Day 0. In a second study to assess the impact of food type at the time of dosing, three groups were formed: placebo-treated control (8 dogs; 4 males, 4 females), spinosad (30
mg/kg) administered with canned food (8 male dogs, 8 females); and spinosad (30
mg/kg) with dry food (8 males, 8 females). Treatments were administered on Days 0 and 30. To assess post-treatment persistent efficacy, flea infestations were repeated at regular post-treatment intervals, beginning on Day 5 through Day 89 in the dose selection study and Day 58 in the impact of food type and dosing study. Flea counts were performed 48
h post-infestation by study personnel who were blinded to treatments. In the dose selection study, compared to geometric mean live flea counts in the control group, each spinosad dose was highly effective (99.8–100%) at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Only the 30 and 40
mg/kg doses maintained high efficacy (97.2–100%) until 30 days after treatment, with no difference between the two. Imidacloprid was highly effective at Day 30, with significant difference only from the 15
mg/kg spinosad group. Because there was no significant difference between the higher spinosad rates, 30
mg/kg was selected as the optimal minimum effective dose. In the second study, spinosad was highly effective at all post-treatment flea counts (98–100%). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that repeated monthly oral treatments with spinosad at 30
mg/kg provide sustained control of
C. felis on dogs. Th |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.09.011 |
| format | Article |
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Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally induced flea infestations (
Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs, and to assess any potential impacts of feeding canned or dry food at the time of dosing. Both were randomized block (blocked by gender and pre-treatment flea counts), blinded parallel-arm studies, with dogs selected on health and ability to maintain pre-treatment flea populations. For dose selection, 48 dogs were allocated among six groups (8
dogs/group; 4 males, 4 females): placebo-treated negative control, spinosad in gelatin capsules at 15, 20, 30 and 40
mg/kg administered
per os; and topical imidacloprid (10
mg/kg) as a positive control. Placebo and spinosad treatments were administered on Days 0, 30 and 60, imidacloprid only on Day 0. In a second study to assess the impact of food type at the time of dosing, three groups were formed: placebo-treated control (8 dogs; 4 males, 4 females), spinosad (30
mg/kg) administered with canned food (8 male dogs, 8 females); and spinosad (30
mg/kg) with dry food (8 males, 8 females). Treatments were administered on Days 0 and 30. To assess post-treatment persistent efficacy, flea infestations were repeated at regular post-treatment intervals, beginning on Day 5 through Day 89 in the dose selection study and Day 58 in the impact of food type and dosing study. Flea counts were performed 48
h post-infestation by study personnel who were blinded to treatments. In the dose selection study, compared to geometric mean live flea counts in the control group, each spinosad dose was highly effective (99.8–100%) at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Only the 30 and 40
mg/kg doses maintained high efficacy (97.2–100%) until 30 days after treatment, with no difference between the two. Imidacloprid was highly effective at Day 30, with significant difference only from the 15
mg/kg spinosad group. Because there was no significant difference between the higher spinosad rates, 30
mg/kg was selected as the optimal minimum effective dose. In the second study, spinosad was highly effective at all post-treatment flea counts (98–100%). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that repeated monthly oral treatments with spinosad at 30
mg/kg provide sustained control of
C. felis on dogs. There were no treatment-related adverse events in either study, indicating that spinosad has potential to be used monthly as a safe and effective flea adulticide, providing sustained activity that matches that of currently used topical products.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.09.011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17980490</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Actinobacteria - metabolism ; Administration, Oral ; Administration, Topical ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Antiparasitic Agents - administration & dosage ; Antiparasitic Agents - therapeutic use ; Ctenocephalides felis ; Dog Diseases - drug therapy ; Dogs ; Dose characterization ; Dose determination ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Combinations ; Ectoparasitic Infestations - drug therapy ; Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary ; Efficacy ; Felis ; Female ; Flea ; Imidazoles - administration & dosage ; Imidazoles - therapeutic use ; Insect Control - methods ; Macrolides - administration & dosage ; Macrolides - therapeutic use ; Male ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds - administration & dosage ; Nitro Compounds - therapeutic use ; Parasite Egg Count - veterinary ; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests - veterinary ; Saccharopolyspora spinosa ; Siphonaptera - drug effects ; Spinosad ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Veterinary parasitology, 2007-12, Vol.150 (4), p.345-351</ispartof><rights>2007 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-4442391c83d5c37be5ee8eff30c2cc60d7e75e6b39f6ec76bf3f7ba4336e321d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-4442391c83d5c37be5ee8eff30c2cc60d7e75e6b39f6ec76bf3f7ba4336e321d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401707004955$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980490$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Daniel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Jeffery</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zimmermann, Alan G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiao, Meihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gissendanner, Sonya J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruthers, Larry R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slone, Robyn L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, David R.</creatorcontrib><title>Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of the novel pulicide, spinosad, for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs</title><title>Veterinary parasitology</title><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><description>Spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide produced from a family of natural products derived from fermentation of the actinomycete,
Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally induced flea infestations (
Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs, and to assess any potential impacts of feeding canned or dry food at the time of dosing. Both were randomized block (blocked by gender and pre-treatment flea counts), blinded parallel-arm studies, with dogs selected on health and ability to maintain pre-treatment flea populations. For dose selection, 48 dogs were allocated among six groups (8
dogs/group; 4 males, 4 females): placebo-treated negative control, spinosad in gelatin capsules at 15, 20, 30 and 40
mg/kg administered
per os; and topical imidacloprid (10
mg/kg) as a positive control. Placebo and spinosad treatments were administered on Days 0, 30 and 60, imidacloprid only on Day 0. In a second study to assess the impact of food type at the time of dosing, three groups were formed: placebo-treated control (8 dogs; 4 males, 4 females), spinosad (30
mg/kg) administered with canned food (8 male dogs, 8 females); and spinosad (30
mg/kg) with dry food (8 males, 8 females). Treatments were administered on Days 0 and 30. To assess post-treatment persistent efficacy, flea infestations were repeated at regular post-treatment intervals, beginning on Day 5 through Day 89 in the dose selection study and Day 58 in the impact of food type and dosing study. Flea counts were performed 48
h post-infestation by study personnel who were blinded to treatments. In the dose selection study, compared to geometric mean live flea counts in the control group, each spinosad dose was highly effective (99.8–100%) at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Only the 30 and 40
mg/kg doses maintained high efficacy (97.2–100%) until 30 days after treatment, with no difference between the two. Imidacloprid was highly effective at Day 30, with significant difference only from the 15
mg/kg spinosad group. Because there was no significant difference between the higher spinosad rates, 30
mg/kg was selected as the optimal minimum effective dose. In the second study, spinosad was highly effective at all post-treatment flea counts (98–100%). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that repeated monthly oral treatments with spinosad at 30
mg/kg provide sustained control of
C. felis on dogs. There were no treatment-related adverse events in either study, indicating that spinosad has potential to be used monthly as a safe and effective flea adulticide, providing sustained activity that matches that of currently used topical products.</description><subject>Actinobacteria - metabolism</subject><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Administration, Topical</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiparasitic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antiparasitic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Ctenocephalides felis</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - drug therapy</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dose characterization</subject><subject>Dose determination</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Drug Combinations</subject><subject>Ectoparasitic Infestations - drug therapy</subject><subject>Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary</subject><subject>Efficacy</subject><subject>Felis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flea</subject><subject>Imidazoles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Imidazoles - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Insect Control - methods</subject><subject>Macrolides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Macrolides - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neonicotinoids</subject><subject>Nitro Compounds - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Nitro Compounds - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Parasite Egg Count - veterinary</subject><subject>Parasitic Sensitivity Tests - veterinary</subject><subject>Saccharopolyspora spinosa</subject><subject>Siphonaptera - drug effects</subject><subject>Spinosad</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>0304-4017</issn><issn>1873-2550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU2L1TAUhoMozp3RfyCSlatpPWnSpt0IMqgjDOhC16FNTjSXNqlJehn_vbkf4E5XCYfnfRPOQ8grBjUD1r3d1wfM6xjrBkDWMNTA2BOyY73kVdO28JTsgIOoBDB5Ra5T2gOAgE4-J1dMDj2IAXbk8WvE2S3Oj_E3TXkzDhMNnuafSNFa1Nkd0GMqQ3sa-nDAma7b7LQzeEvT6nxIo7mlNsQTkSOOeUGf6egN1cHnGOZj3M44nspN-JFekGd2nBO-vJw35PvHD9_u7quHL58-371_qDQfWK6EEE256J6bVnM5YYvYl49x0I3WHRiJssVu4oPtUMtustzKaRScd8gbZvgNeXPuXWP4tWHKanFJ4zyPHsOWVNe3ghX8vyAbCtr1rIDiDOoYUopo1RrdUvanGKijGrVXZzXqqEbBoIqaEnt96d-mBc3f0MVFAd6dASzrODiMKmmHXqNxsXhQJrh_v_AH7KWjtQ</recordid><startdate>20071225</startdate><enddate>20071225</enddate><creator>Snyder, Daniel E.</creator><creator>Meyer, Jeffery</creator><creator>Zimmermann, Alan G.</creator><creator>Qiao, Meihua</creator><creator>Gissendanner, Sonya J.</creator><creator>Cruthers, Larry R.</creator><creator>Slone, Robyn L.</creator><creator>Young, David R.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071225</creationdate><title>Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of the novel pulicide, spinosad, for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs</title><author>Snyder, Daniel E. ; 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Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally induced flea infestations (
Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs, and to assess any potential impacts of feeding canned or dry food at the time of dosing. Both were randomized block (blocked by gender and pre-treatment flea counts), blinded parallel-arm studies, with dogs selected on health and ability to maintain pre-treatment flea populations. For dose selection, 48 dogs were allocated among six groups (8
dogs/group; 4 males, 4 females): placebo-treated negative control, spinosad in gelatin capsules at 15, 20, 30 and 40
mg/kg administered
per os; and topical imidacloprid (10
mg/kg) as a positive control. Placebo and spinosad treatments were administered on Days 0, 30 and 60, imidacloprid only on Day 0. In a second study to assess the impact of food type at the time of dosing, three groups were formed: placebo-treated control (8 dogs; 4 males, 4 females), spinosad (30
mg/kg) administered with canned food (8 male dogs, 8 females); and spinosad (30
mg/kg) with dry food (8 males, 8 females). Treatments were administered on Days 0 and 30. To assess post-treatment persistent efficacy, flea infestations were repeated at regular post-treatment intervals, beginning on Day 5 through Day 89 in the dose selection study and Day 58 in the impact of food type and dosing study. Flea counts were performed 48
h post-infestation by study personnel who were blinded to treatments. In the dose selection study, compared to geometric mean live flea counts in the control group, each spinosad dose was highly effective (99.8–100%) at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Only the 30 and 40
mg/kg doses maintained high efficacy (97.2–100%) until 30 days after treatment, with no difference between the two. Imidacloprid was highly effective at Day 30, with significant difference only from the 15
mg/kg spinosad group. Because there was no significant difference between the higher spinosad rates, 30
mg/kg was selected as the optimal minimum effective dose. In the second study, spinosad was highly effective at all post-treatment flea counts (98–100%). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that repeated monthly oral treatments with spinosad at 30
mg/kg provide sustained control of
C. felis on dogs. There were no treatment-related adverse events in either study, indicating that spinosad has potential to be used monthly as a safe and effective flea adulticide, providing sustained activity that matches that of currently used topical products.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>17980490</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.09.011</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0304-4017 |
| ispartof | Veterinary parasitology, 2007-12, Vol.150 (4), p.345-351 |
| issn | 0304-4017 1873-2550 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68541433 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Actinobacteria - metabolism Administration, Oral Administration, Topical Animal Feed Animals Antiparasitic Agents - administration & dosage Antiparasitic Agents - therapeutic use Ctenocephalides felis Dog Diseases - drug therapy Dogs Dose characterization Dose determination Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Administration Schedule Drug Combinations Ectoparasitic Infestations - drug therapy Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary Efficacy Felis Female Flea Imidazoles - administration & dosage Imidazoles - therapeutic use Insect Control - methods Macrolides - administration & dosage Macrolides - therapeutic use Male Neonicotinoids Nitro Compounds - administration & dosage Nitro Compounds - therapeutic use Parasite Egg Count - veterinary Parasitic Sensitivity Tests - veterinary Saccharopolyspora spinosa Siphonaptera - drug effects Spinosad Treatment Outcome |
| title | Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of the novel pulicide, spinosad, for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs |
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