Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis
Background: Hyperoxaluria has been incriminated to account for the increased incidence of urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperoxaluria presumably is caused by fat malabsorption and the absence of such intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria as Oxalobacter formi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of kidney diseases 2005-09, Vol.46 (3), p.440-445 |
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| container_title | American journal of kidney diseases |
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| creator | Hoppe, Bernd von Unruh, Gerd E. Blank, Gesa Rietschel, Ernst Sidhu, Harmeet Laube, Norbert Hesse, Albrecht |
| description | Background:
Hyperoxaluria has been incriminated to account for the increased incidence of urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperoxaluria presumably is caused by fat malabsorption and the absence of such intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria as
Oxalobacter formigenes. To better elucidate its pathophysiological characteristics, we prospectively studied patients with CF by determining these parameters and performing renal ultrasonography twice yearly.
Methods:
In addition to routine tests in urine (lithogenic and stone-inhibitory substances), the presence of
O formigenes was tested in stool, plasma oxalate was measured, and a [
13
C
2
]oxalate absorption test was performed in 37 patients with CF aged 5 to 37 years (15 females, 22 males) who were constantly hyperoxaluric before the study.
Results:
Hyperoxaluria (oxalate, 46 to 141 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.51 to 1.57 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal, 3.3 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.9 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]). Urine calcium oxalate saturation was elevated in 17 patients (5.62 to 28.9 relative units; normal female, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.003 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68529634</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0272638605007912</els_id><sourcerecordid>68529634</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-e35fc9e3a8e3d0a500267a95c8795ba84b91121f6d2def5eaf50415e778817373</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1r3DAQhkVpabZp_0APRZf2Zlcfqw9DL2FJmsDSQmnOYiyPiXa9lit5Q_ffV2YXcutpmJdnhpeHkI-c1Zwp-XVXw27f1YIxVTNdMyZfkRVXQlbaSvuarJgwotLS6ivyLucdY6yRWr8lV1xz0QimVmR_0-aYpjk8I70_TZjiXxiOKQDdInSZzpHCSB9GnxAydvRXyHvax0QfUxzC_BQgh0zL_gOnpxQ9DD6MccnCSDenPAdP70Kblug9edPDkPHDZV6Tx7vb35v7avvz-8PmZlt5addzhVL1vkEJFmXHQDEmtIFGeWsa1YJdtw3ngve6Ex32CqFXbM0VGmMtN9LIa_Ll_HdK8c8R8-wOIXscBhgxHrPTVolGy3UBxRn0pV9O2LsphQOkk-PMLYrdzi2K3aLYMe2K4nL06fL92B6wezm5OC3A5wsAufjoE4w-5BfOCKGVaQr37cxhcfEcMLnsA44eu5DQz66L4X89_gGnEJrT</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>68529634</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Hoppe, Bernd ; von Unruh, Gerd E. ; Blank, Gesa ; Rietschel, Ernst ; Sidhu, Harmeet ; Laube, Norbert ; Hesse, Albrecht</creator><creatorcontrib>Hoppe, Bernd ; von Unruh, Gerd E. ; Blank, Gesa ; Rietschel, Ernst ; Sidhu, Harmeet ; Laube, Norbert ; Hesse, Albrecht</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Hyperoxaluria has been incriminated to account for the increased incidence of urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperoxaluria presumably is caused by fat malabsorption and the absence of such intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria as
Oxalobacter formigenes. To better elucidate its pathophysiological characteristics, we prospectively studied patients with CF by determining these parameters and performing renal ultrasonography twice yearly.
Methods:
In addition to routine tests in urine (lithogenic and stone-inhibitory substances), the presence of
O formigenes was tested in stool, plasma oxalate was measured, and a [
13
C
2
]oxalate absorption test was performed in 37 patients with CF aged 5 to 37 years (15 females, 22 males) who were constantly hyperoxaluric before the study.
Results:
Hyperoxaluria (oxalate, 46 to 141 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.51 to 1.57 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal, <45 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [<0.5 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]) was now found in 24 patients (64.8%). Plasma oxalate levels were elevated in 6 patients (7.92 to 19.5 μmol/L; normal, 6.3 ± 1.1 μmol/L).
Oxalobacter species were detected in only 1 patient. Intestinal oxalate absorption was elevated (11.4% to 28.5%; normal, <10%) in 23 patients. Hypocitraturia was present in 17 patients (citrate, 0.35 to 2.8 g/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.2 to 1.1 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal female, >2.8 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.6 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; male, >3.3 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.9 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]). Urine calcium oxalate saturation was elevated in 17 patients (5.62 to 28.9 relative units; normal female, <5.5 relative units; male, <6.3 relative units). In 16% of patients, urolithiasis (n = 2) or nephrocalcinosis (n = 4) was diagnosed ultrasonographically.
Conclusion:
Absorptive hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are the main culprits for the increased incidence of urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in patients with CF. We advocate high fluid intake, low-oxalate/high-calcium diet, and alkali citrate medication, if necessary. Additional studies are necessary to determine the influence of
Oxalobacter species or other oxalate-degrading bacteria on oxalate handling in patients with CF.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-6386</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1523-6838</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.003</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16129205</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Orlando, FL: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>[ 13C 2]oxalate absorption test ; absorptive hyperoxaluria ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Carbon Isotopes - pharmacokinetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Citrates - therapeutic use ; Citrates - urine ; cystic fibrosis ; Cystic Fibrosis - complications ; Cystic Fibrosis - urine ; Dietary Fats - pharmacokinetics ; Errors of metabolism ; Feces - microbiology ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria - etiology ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines - microbiology ; Malabsorption Syndromes - etiology ; Malabsorption Syndromes - metabolism ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolic diseases ; Miscellaneous hereditary metabolic disorders ; nephrocalcinosis ; Nephrocalcinosis - epidemiology ; Nephrocalcinosis - etiology ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Oxalates - blood ; Oxalates - pharmacokinetics ; Oxalobacter formigenes ; Oxalobacter formigenes - isolation & purification ; Risk ; Urinary Calculi - epidemiology ; Urinary Calculi - etiology ; Urinary lithiasis ; urolithiasis</subject><ispartof>American journal of kidney diseases, 2005-09, Vol.46 (3), p.440-445</ispartof><rights>2005 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-e35fc9e3a8e3d0a500267a95c8795ba84b91121f6d2def5eaf50415e778817373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-e35fc9e3a8e3d0a500267a95c8795ba84b91121f6d2def5eaf50415e778817373</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.003$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17226579$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129205$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hoppe, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Unruh, Gerd E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blank, Gesa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rietschel, Ernst</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidhu, Harmeet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laube, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hesse, Albrecht</creatorcontrib><title>Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis</title><title>American journal of kidney diseases</title><addtitle>Am J Kidney Dis</addtitle><description>Background:
Hyperoxaluria has been incriminated to account for the increased incidence of urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperoxaluria presumably is caused by fat malabsorption and the absence of such intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria as
Oxalobacter formigenes. To better elucidate its pathophysiological characteristics, we prospectively studied patients with CF by determining these parameters and performing renal ultrasonography twice yearly.
Methods:
In addition to routine tests in urine (lithogenic and stone-inhibitory substances), the presence of
O formigenes was tested in stool, plasma oxalate was measured, and a [
13
C
2
]oxalate absorption test was performed in 37 patients with CF aged 5 to 37 years (15 females, 22 males) who were constantly hyperoxaluric before the study.
Results:
Hyperoxaluria (oxalate, 46 to 141 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.51 to 1.57 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal, <45 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [<0.5 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]) was now found in 24 patients (64.8%). Plasma oxalate levels were elevated in 6 patients (7.92 to 19.5 μmol/L; normal, 6.3 ± 1.1 μmol/L).
Oxalobacter species were detected in only 1 patient. Intestinal oxalate absorption was elevated (11.4% to 28.5%; normal, <10%) in 23 patients. Hypocitraturia was present in 17 patients (citrate, 0.35 to 2.8 g/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.2 to 1.1 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal female, >2.8 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.6 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; male, >3.3 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.9 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]). Urine calcium oxalate saturation was elevated in 17 patients (5.62 to 28.9 relative units; normal female, <5.5 relative units; male, <6.3 relative units). In 16% of patients, urolithiasis (n = 2) or nephrocalcinosis (n = 4) was diagnosed ultrasonographically.
Conclusion:
Absorptive hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are the main culprits for the increased incidence of urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in patients with CF. We advocate high fluid intake, low-oxalate/high-calcium diet, and alkali citrate medication, if necessary. Additional studies are necessary to determine the influence of
Oxalobacter species or other oxalate-degrading bacteria on oxalate handling in patients with CF.</description><subject>[ 13C 2]oxalate absorption test</subject><subject>absorptive hyperoxaluria</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Carbon Isotopes - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Citrates - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Citrates - urine</subject><subject>cystic fibrosis</subject><subject>Cystic Fibrosis - complications</subject><subject>Cystic Fibrosis - urine</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Errors of metabolism</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluid Therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperoxaluria - etiology</subject><subject>Intestinal Absorption</subject><subject>Intestines - microbiology</subject><subject>Malabsorption Syndromes - etiology</subject><subject>Malabsorption Syndromes - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Miscellaneous hereditary metabolic disorders</subject><subject>nephrocalcinosis</subject><subject>Nephrocalcinosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nephrocalcinosis - etiology</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Oxalates - blood</subject><subject>Oxalates - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Oxalobacter formigenes</subject><subject>Oxalobacter formigenes - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Urinary Calculi - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urinary Calculi - etiology</subject><subject>Urinary lithiasis</subject><subject>urolithiasis</subject><issn>0272-6386</issn><issn>1523-6838</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1r3DAQhkVpabZp_0APRZf2Zlcfqw9DL2FJmsDSQmnOYiyPiXa9lit5Q_ffV2YXcutpmJdnhpeHkI-c1Zwp-XVXw27f1YIxVTNdMyZfkRVXQlbaSvuarJgwotLS6ivyLucdY6yRWr8lV1xz0QimVmR_0-aYpjk8I70_TZjiXxiOKQDdInSZzpHCSB9GnxAydvRXyHvax0QfUxzC_BQgh0zL_gOnpxQ9DD6MccnCSDenPAdP70Kblug9edPDkPHDZV6Tx7vb35v7avvz-8PmZlt5addzhVL1vkEJFmXHQDEmtIFGeWsa1YJdtw3ngve6Ex32CqFXbM0VGmMtN9LIa_Ll_HdK8c8R8-wOIXscBhgxHrPTVolGy3UBxRn0pV9O2LsphQOkk-PMLYrdzi2K3aLYMe2K4nL06fL92B6wezm5OC3A5wsAufjoE4w-5BfOCKGVaQr37cxhcfEcMLnsA44eu5DQz66L4X89_gGnEJrT</recordid><startdate>20050901</startdate><enddate>20050901</enddate><creator>Hoppe, Bernd</creator><creator>von Unruh, Gerd E.</creator><creator>Blank, Gesa</creator><creator>Rietschel, Ernst</creator><creator>Sidhu, Harmeet</creator><creator>Laube, Norbert</creator><creator>Hesse, Albrecht</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050901</creationdate><title>Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis</title><author>Hoppe, Bernd ; von Unruh, Gerd E. ; Blank, Gesa ; Rietschel, Ernst ; Sidhu, Harmeet ; Laube, Norbert ; Hesse, Albrecht</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-e35fc9e3a8e3d0a500267a95c8795ba84b91121f6d2def5eaf50415e778817373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>[ 13C 2]oxalate absorption test</topic><topic>absorptive hyperoxaluria</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Carbon Isotopes - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Citrates - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Citrates - urine</topic><topic>cystic fibrosis</topic><topic>Cystic Fibrosis - complications</topic><topic>Cystic Fibrosis - urine</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Errors of metabolism</topic><topic>Feces - microbiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fluid Therapy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperoxaluria - etiology</topic><topic>Intestinal Absorption</topic><topic>Intestines - microbiology</topic><topic>Malabsorption Syndromes - etiology</topic><topic>Malabsorption Syndromes - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolic diseases</topic><topic>Miscellaneous hereditary metabolic disorders</topic><topic>nephrocalcinosis</topic><topic>Nephrocalcinosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nephrocalcinosis - etiology</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Oxalates - blood</topic><topic>Oxalates - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Oxalobacter formigenes</topic><topic>Oxalobacter formigenes - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Urinary Calculi - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urinary Calculi - etiology</topic><topic>Urinary lithiasis</topic><topic>urolithiasis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hoppe, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Unruh, Gerd E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blank, Gesa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rietschel, Ernst</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidhu, Harmeet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laube, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hesse, Albrecht</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of kidney diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hoppe, Bernd</au><au>von Unruh, Gerd E.</au><au>Blank, Gesa</au><au>Rietschel, Ernst</au><au>Sidhu, Harmeet</au><au>Laube, Norbert</au><au>Hesse, Albrecht</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis</atitle><jtitle>American journal of kidney diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Kidney Dis</addtitle><date>2005-09-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>440</spage><epage>445</epage><pages>440-445</pages><issn>0272-6386</issn><eissn>1523-6838</eissn><abstract>Background:
Hyperoxaluria has been incriminated to account for the increased incidence of urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperoxaluria presumably is caused by fat malabsorption and the absence of such intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria as
Oxalobacter formigenes. To better elucidate its pathophysiological characteristics, we prospectively studied patients with CF by determining these parameters and performing renal ultrasonography twice yearly.
Methods:
In addition to routine tests in urine (lithogenic and stone-inhibitory substances), the presence of
O formigenes was tested in stool, plasma oxalate was measured, and a [
13
C
2
]oxalate absorption test was performed in 37 patients with CF aged 5 to 37 years (15 females, 22 males) who were constantly hyperoxaluric before the study.
Results:
Hyperoxaluria (oxalate, 46 to 141 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.51 to 1.57 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal, <45 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [<0.5 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]) was now found in 24 patients (64.8%). Plasma oxalate levels were elevated in 6 patients (7.92 to 19.5 μmol/L; normal, 6.3 ± 1.1 μmol/L).
Oxalobacter species were detected in only 1 patient. Intestinal oxalate absorption was elevated (11.4% to 28.5%; normal, <10%) in 23 patients. Hypocitraturia was present in 17 patients (citrate, 0.35 to 2.8 g/1.73 m
2
/24 h [0.2 to 1.1 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; normal female, >2.8 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.6 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]; male, >3.3 mg/1.73 m
2
/24 h [>1.9 mmol/1.73 m
2
/24 h]). Urine calcium oxalate saturation was elevated in 17 patients (5.62 to 28.9 relative units; normal female, <5.5 relative units; male, <6.3 relative units). In 16% of patients, urolithiasis (n = 2) or nephrocalcinosis (n = 4) was diagnosed ultrasonographically.
Conclusion:
Absorptive hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are the main culprits for the increased incidence of urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in patients with CF. We advocate high fluid intake, low-oxalate/high-calcium diet, and alkali citrate medication, if necessary. Additional studies are necessary to determine the influence of
Oxalobacter species or other oxalate-degrading bacteria on oxalate handling in patients with CF.</abstract><cop>Orlando, FL</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>16129205</pmid><doi>10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.003</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0272-6386 |
| ispartof | American journal of kidney diseases, 2005-09, Vol.46 (3), p.440-445 |
| issn | 0272-6386 1523-6838 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68529634 |
| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | [ 13C 2]oxalate absorption test absorptive hyperoxaluria Adolescent Adult Biological and medical sciences Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage Carbon Isotopes - pharmacokinetics Child Child, Preschool Citrates - therapeutic use Citrates - urine cystic fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis - complications Cystic Fibrosis - urine Dietary Fats - pharmacokinetics Errors of metabolism Feces - microbiology Female Fluid Therapy Humans Hyperoxaluria - etiology Intestinal Absorption Intestines - microbiology Malabsorption Syndromes - etiology Malabsorption Syndromes - metabolism Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Miscellaneous hereditary metabolic disorders nephrocalcinosis Nephrocalcinosis - epidemiology Nephrocalcinosis - etiology Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Oxalates - blood Oxalates - pharmacokinetics Oxalobacter formigenes Oxalobacter formigenes - isolation & purification Risk Urinary Calculi - epidemiology Urinary Calculi - etiology Urinary lithiasis urolithiasis |
| title | Absorptive Hyperoxaluria Leads to an Increased Risk for Urolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis in Cystic Fibrosis |
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