Inhibitory phosphorylation of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase regulates the morphogenesis, cell size and virulence of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis
The regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity through inhibitory phosphorylation seems to play an important role in the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have investigated the influence that inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of mitotic CDK has on cell growth and pathogenicity of...
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description | The regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity through inhibitory phosphorylation seems to play an important role in the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have investigated the influence that inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of mitotic CDK has on cell growth and pathogenicity of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis. This model pathogen is worthy of attention since it is well suited to analyze the relationships between the cell cycle, morphogenesis and pathogenicity. We set out to study these relationships by producing a cdk1 mutant allele that was refractory to inhibitory phosphorylation. The expression of this mutant in U. maydis cells dramatically altered their morphology. Since this kind of mutation makes the CDK catalytic subunit resistant to regulation by Wee1-related kinases in other organisms, we characterized the orthologous Wee1 kinase from U. maydis. We found that Wee1 is essential in U. maydis. Overexpression of wee1 produces cell cycle arrest in G2, the target of Wee1 apparently being the Cdk1/Clb2 complex, which is required specifically for the onset of mitosis. Given the connection between the cell cycle control and pathogenesis in U. maydis, we also analyzed whether cells with impaired inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 were able to infect plants. We found that inhibitory phosphorylation was required for mating, a prerequisite to initiate pathogenic development. By examining plant-specific expression of the constitutively unphosphorylated cdk1[superscript AF] allele, we also found that appropriate levels of inhibitory phosphorylation were required at stages of infection subsequent to penetration by the fungus. These data reinforces the connections between cell cycle, morphogenesis and virulence in this smut fungus. |
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We have investigated the influence that inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of mitotic CDK has on cell growth and pathogenicity of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis. This model pathogen is worthy of attention since it is well suited to analyze the relationships between the cell cycle, morphogenesis and pathogenicity. We set out to study these relationships by producing a cdk1 mutant allele that was refractory to inhibitory phosphorylation. The expression of this mutant in U. maydis cells dramatically altered their morphology. Since this kind of mutation makes the CDK catalytic subunit resistant to regulation by Wee1-related kinases in other organisms, we characterized the orthologous Wee1 kinase from U. maydis. We found that Wee1 is essential in U. maydis. Overexpression of wee1 produces cell cycle arrest in G2, the target of Wee1 apparently being the Cdk1/Clb2 complex, which is required specifically for the onset of mitosis. Given the connection between the cell cycle control and pathogenesis in U. maydis, we also analyzed whether cells with impaired inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 were able to infect plants. We found that inhibitory phosphorylation was required for mating, a prerequisite to initiate pathogenic development. By examining plant-specific expression of the constitutively unphosphorylated cdk1[superscript AF] allele, we also found that appropriate levels of inhibitory phosphorylation were required at stages of infection subsequent to penetration by the fungus. These data reinforces the connections between cell cycle, morphogenesis and virulence in this smut fungus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9533</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-9137</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02499</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16046476</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Catalytic Domain - physiology ; CDC2 Protein Kinase - genetics ; CDC2 Protein Kinase - metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism ; Cell Enlargement ; Cyclin B - genetics ; Cyclin B - metabolism ; Enzyme Activation - physiology ; Feedback, Physiological - physiology ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; G2 Phase - genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - genetics ; Genes, cdc - physiology ; Mitosis - physiology ; Morphogenesis - physiology ; Nuclear Proteins - genetics ; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Diseases ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - metabolism ; Ustilago - enzymology ; Ustilago - growth & development ; Ustilago - pathogenicity ; Ustilago maydis</subject><ispartof>Journal of cell science, 2005-08, Vol.118 (16), p.3607-3622</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7ff5eb803fcf3e034f4000ecc7728cd5cdcb6e274564d01365e186261342bd543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7ff5eb803fcf3e034f4000ecc7728cd5cdcb6e274564d01365e186261342bd543</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3678,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sgarlata, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Martín, José</creatorcontrib><title>Inhibitory phosphorylation of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase regulates the morphogenesis, cell size and virulence of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis</title><title>Journal of cell science</title><addtitle>J Cell Sci</addtitle><description>The regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity through inhibitory phosphorylation seems to play an important role in the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have investigated the influence that inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of mitotic CDK has on cell growth and pathogenicity of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis. This model pathogen is worthy of attention since it is well suited to analyze the relationships between the cell cycle, morphogenesis and pathogenicity. We set out to study these relationships by producing a cdk1 mutant allele that was refractory to inhibitory phosphorylation. The expression of this mutant in U. maydis cells dramatically altered their morphology. Since this kind of mutation makes the CDK catalytic subunit resistant to regulation by Wee1-related kinases in other organisms, we characterized the orthologous Wee1 kinase from U. maydis. We found that Wee1 is essential in U. maydis. Overexpression of wee1 produces cell cycle arrest in G2, the target of Wee1 apparently being the Cdk1/Clb2 complex, which is required specifically for the onset of mitosis. Given the connection between the cell cycle control and pathogenesis in U. maydis, we also analyzed whether cells with impaired inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 were able to infect plants. We found that inhibitory phosphorylation was required for mating, a prerequisite to initiate pathogenic development. By examining plant-specific expression of the constitutively unphosphorylated cdk1[superscript AF] allele, we also found that appropriate levels of inhibitory phosphorylation were required at stages of infection subsequent to penetration by the fungus. These data reinforces the connections between cell cycle, morphogenesis and virulence in this smut fungus.</description><subject>Catalytic Domain - physiology</subject><subject>CDC2 Protein Kinase - genetics</subject><subject>CDC2 Protein Kinase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Enlargement</subject><subject>Cyclin B - genetics</subject><subject>Cyclin B - metabolism</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation - physiology</subject><subject>Feedback, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>G2 Phase - genetics</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - genetics</subject><subject>Genes, cdc - physiology</subject><subject>Mitosis - physiology</subject><subject>Morphogenesis - physiology</subject><subject>Nuclear Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Nuclear Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Phosphorylation</subject><subject>Plant Diseases</subject><subject>Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Ustilago - enzymology</subject><subject>Ustilago - growth & development</subject><subject>Ustilago - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Ustilago maydis</subject><issn>0021-9533</issn><issn>1477-9137</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVpaTZpD_0DrU6FQJ3qy5Z9DKEfgUAO7Z6NLI-8Sm1pq7ELzh_p3422u9BjDsMc5uFlXh5C3nF2xYUSnx8sXjGhmuYF2XClddFwqV-SDWOCF00p5Rk5R3xgjGnR6NfkjFdMVUpXG_L3Nux85-eYVrrfRcyT1tHMPgYaHTV0yrfZW2pXO_pQ9LCH0EOY6S8fDAJNMCyZB6TzDugUU04YIAB6_EQtjCNF_wjUhJ7-8WkZIVg4JB9onJaZuiUMC9Itzn40Q6STWXuPb8grZ0aEt6d9QbZfv_y8-V7c3X-7vbm-K6zU5Vxo50roaiaddRKYVE7llmCt1qK2fWl721UgtCor1TMuqxJ4XYmKSyW6vlTygnw85u5T_L0Azu3k8fC2CRAXbKtaNaJW5bOgYFoKzVgGL4-gTRExgWv3yU8mrS1n7UFXm3W1_3Rl9v0pdOkm6P-TJz8Z-HAEnImtGZLHdvtD5CKMZ7dCSPkEpdWc2g</recordid><startdate>20050815</startdate><enddate>20050815</enddate><creator>Sgarlata, Cecilia</creator><creator>Pérez-Martín, José</creator><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050815</creationdate><title>Inhibitory phosphorylation of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase regulates the morphogenesis, cell size and virulence of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis</title><author>Sgarlata, Cecilia ; Pérez-Martín, José</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7ff5eb803fcf3e034f4000ecc7728cd5cdcb6e274564d01365e186261342bd543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Catalytic Domain - physiology</topic><topic>CDC2 Protein Kinase - genetics</topic><topic>CDC2 Protein Kinase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Enlargement</topic><topic>Cyclin B - genetics</topic><topic>Cyclin B - metabolism</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation - physiology</topic><topic>Feedback, Physiological - physiology</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>G2 Phase - genetics</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - genetics</topic><topic>Genes, cdc - physiology</topic><topic>Mitosis - physiology</topic><topic>Morphogenesis - physiology</topic><topic>Nuclear Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Nuclear Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Phosphorylation</topic><topic>Plant Diseases</topic><topic>Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics</topic><topic>Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Ustilago - enzymology</topic><topic>Ustilago - growth & development</topic><topic>Ustilago - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Ustilago maydis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sgarlata, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Martín, José</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of cell science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sgarlata, Cecilia</au><au>Pérez-Martín, José</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inhibitory phosphorylation of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase regulates the morphogenesis, cell size and virulence of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cell science</jtitle><addtitle>J Cell Sci</addtitle><date>2005-08-15</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>16</issue><spage>3607</spage><epage>3622</epage><pages>3607-3622</pages><issn>0021-9533</issn><eissn>1477-9137</eissn><abstract>The regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity through inhibitory phosphorylation seems to play an important role in the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have investigated the influence that inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of mitotic CDK has on cell growth and pathogenicity of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis. This model pathogen is worthy of attention since it is well suited to analyze the relationships between the cell cycle, morphogenesis and pathogenicity. We set out to study these relationships by producing a cdk1 mutant allele that was refractory to inhibitory phosphorylation. The expression of this mutant in U. maydis cells dramatically altered their morphology. Since this kind of mutation makes the CDK catalytic subunit resistant to regulation by Wee1-related kinases in other organisms, we characterized the orthologous Wee1 kinase from U. maydis. We found that Wee1 is essential in U. maydis. Overexpression of wee1 produces cell cycle arrest in G2, the target of Wee1 apparently being the Cdk1/Clb2 complex, which is required specifically for the onset of mitosis. Given the connection between the cell cycle control and pathogenesis in U. maydis, we also analyzed whether cells with impaired inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 were able to infect plants. We found that inhibitory phosphorylation was required for mating, a prerequisite to initiate pathogenic development. By examining plant-specific expression of the constitutively unphosphorylated cdk1[superscript AF] allele, we also found that appropriate levels of inhibitory phosphorylation were required at stages of infection subsequent to penetration by the fungus. These data reinforces the connections between cell cycle, morphogenesis and virulence in this smut fungus.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>16046476</pmid><doi>10.1242/jcs.02499</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Catalytic Domain - physiology CDC2 Protein Kinase - genetics CDC2 Protein Kinase - metabolism Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism Cell Enlargement Cyclin B - genetics Cyclin B - metabolism Enzyme Activation - physiology Feedback, Physiological - physiology Fungal Proteins - metabolism G2 Phase - genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - genetics Genes, cdc - physiology Mitosis - physiology Morphogenesis - physiology Nuclear Proteins - genetics Nuclear Proteins - metabolism Phosphorylation Plant Diseases Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - genetics Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - metabolism Ustilago - enzymology Ustilago - growth & development Ustilago - pathogenicity Ustilago maydis |
title | Inhibitory phosphorylation of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase regulates the morphogenesis, cell size and virulence of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis |
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