α-Lipoic acid in dietary supplements: Development and comparison of HPLC-CEAD and HPLC-ESI-MS methods

α-Lipoic acid is an antioxidant used both in the prevention and treatment of various oxidative stress related diseases. It is an important constituent of some dietary supplements and can also be found in plant and animal sources. A rapid method for the determination of α-lipoic acid in dietary supplements based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a coulometric electrode array detector (CEAD) and an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) was developed. First, α-lipoic acid was extracted with methanol by sonication, chromatographic separation was then achieved by isocratic elution [acetonitrile/methanol/50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3, adjusted with phosphoric acid): 350/65/585, v/v/v] using an ACE 3-C-18 column at a flow rate of 0.45 ml/min. α-Lipoic acid was detected by means of a CEAD at +300, +400, +450, +500, +550, +600, +650, and +700 mV against palladium reference electrodes. For ESI-MS detection (negative mode), the composition of the mobile phase was changed to 0.1% acetic acid in water/acetonitrile 55:45, v/v applying a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The presented methods were utilized to determine the α-lipoic acid content in six dietary supplements. The results of both detection modes were in good correlation.