The Correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Prostatic Growth in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and annual prostatic growth rates in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Methods The 78 BPH patients with lower urinary tract symptoms included in this prospective study were divided into two groups according to whether they had a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. This diagnosis was made according to the most recent consensus report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Third Adult Treatment Panel. Blood pressure, body weight, body height, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Biochemical analyses including serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed. Total prostate (TP) volume and transitional zone (TZ) volume were measured by transrectal ultrasound. Annual TP and TZ growth rates were calculated. Results BPH patients with metabolic syndrome (first group) had significantly higher median body weight, BMI, serum glucose, serum triglyceride, and PSA levels but lower serum HDL-C level, compared with BPH patients without metabolic syndrome (second group, p < 0.05). Median annual TP growth rate (1.0 ml/yr) and median annual TZ growth rate (1.25 ml/yr) were significantly higher in the first group versus the second group (0.64 ml/yr and 0.93 ml/yr, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates a further increase in prostate growth in BPH patients with metabolic syndrome. Future studies are needed to confirm our results and to explain underlying mechanisms.