Respiratory retention of nicotine and urinary excretion of nicotine and its five major metabolites in adult male smokers

Urinary excretion of nicotine and its five major metabolites (nicotine- N-glucuronide, cotinine, cotinine- N-glucuronide, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine- O-glucuronide), expressed as nicotine equivalents (NE), has been used as a biomarker of smoking-related nicotine exposure....

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Veröffentlicht in:	Toxicology letters 2007-09, Vol.173 (2), p.101-106
Hauptverfasser:	Feng, Shixia, Kapur, Sunil, Sarkar, Mohamadi, Muhammad, Raheema, Mendes, Paul, Newland, Kirk, Roethig, Hans J.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adult Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - urine Biotransformation Breath Tests Chromatography, Liquid Cotinine - analogs & derivatives Cotinine - pharmacokinetics Cotinine - urine Glucuronates - pharmacokinetics Glucuronates - urine Half-Life Humans Inhalation Lung - metabolism Male Medical sciences Models, Biological Nicotine Nicotine - analogs & derivatives Nicotine - pharmacokinetics Nicotine - urine Nicotine equivalents Nicotinic Agonists - pharmacokinetics Nicotinic Agonists - urine Respiratory retention Smoking Smoking - metabolism Smoking - physiopathology Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tobacco, tobacco smoking Toxicology Urinary excretion
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