The Association of Major Depression, Conduct Disorder, and Maternal Overcontrol with a Failure to Show a Cortisol Buffered Response in 4-Month-Old Infants of Teenage Mothers

Background Adolescent pregnancy can be associated with major depression (MD) and conduct disorder (CD). Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift oc...

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Veröffentlicht in:Biological psychiatry (1969) 2007-09, Vol.62 (6), p.573-579
Hauptverfasser: Azar, Rima, Paquette, Daniel, Zoccolillo, Mark, Baltzer, Franziska, Tremblay, Richard E
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container_end_page 579
container_issue 6
container_start_page 573
container_title Biological psychiatry (1969)
container_volume 62
creator Azar, Rima
Paquette, Daniel
Zoccolillo, Mark
Baltzer, Franziska
Tremblay, Richard E
description Background Adolescent pregnancy can be associated with major depression (MD) and conduct disorder (CD). Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift occurs in the adrenocortical system in which we observe a marked decrease in infant cortisol response when facing mild stressors. This study aimed to explore whether MD (lifetime, during pregnancy, postpartum), CD, and maternal overcontrol are associated with increased cortisol reactivity in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers. Methods Using arm restraint as a stressor, morning salivary cortisol was taken prestressor and poststressor in 212 infants during a laboratory visit. Major depression and CD were measured with the computerized National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), postpartum depressive mood was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and overcontrol was observed with the CARE-Index. Results Independent of the predictors, there was a dampened cortisol response. Infants of mothers with lifetime MD and of average to highly overcontrolling mothers showed increased cortisol reactivity. Conduct disorder and cortisol levels were not associated. Conclusions Future studies should detect whether the absence of a dampened cortisol response in infants whose mothers have lifetime MD or display overcontrolling parenting is stable over time.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.009
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Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift occurs in the adrenocortical system in which we observe a marked decrease in infant cortisol response when facing mild stressors. This study aimed to explore whether MD (lifetime, during pregnancy, postpartum), CD, and maternal overcontrol are associated with increased cortisol reactivity in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers. Methods Using arm restraint as a stressor, morning salivary cortisol was taken prestressor and poststressor in 212 infants during a laboratory visit. Major depression and CD were measured with the computerized National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), postpartum depressive mood was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and overcontrol was observed with the CARE-Index. Results Independent of the predictors, there was a dampened cortisol response. Infants of mothers with lifetime MD and of average to highly overcontrolling mothers showed increased cortisol reactivity. Conduct disorder and cortisol levels were not associated. Conclusions Future studies should detect whether the absence of a dampened cortisol response in infants whose mothers have lifetime MD or display overcontrolling parenting is stable over time.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-3223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17336943</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BIPCBF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Conduct disorder ; Conduct Disorder - diagnosis ; Conduct Disorder - epidemiology ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - analysis ; Hydrocortisone - biosynthesis ; Infant ; Infant Behavior - physiology ; Infant Behavior - psychology ; infant cortisol ; Life Change Events ; Longitudinal Studies ; major depression ; Maternal Behavior - psychology ; maternal overcontrol ; Medical sciences ; Mood disorders ; Mother-Child Relations ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Adolescence - physiology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift occurs in the adrenocortical system in which we observe a marked decrease in infant cortisol response when facing mild stressors. This study aimed to explore whether MD (lifetime, during pregnancy, postpartum), CD, and maternal overcontrol are associated with increased cortisol reactivity in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers. Methods Using arm restraint as a stressor, morning salivary cortisol was taken prestressor and poststressor in 212 infants during a laboratory visit. Major depression and CD were measured with the computerized National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), postpartum depressive mood was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and overcontrol was observed with the CARE-Index. Results Independent of the predictors, there was a dampened cortisol response. Infants of mothers with lifetime MD and of average to highly overcontrolling mothers showed increased cortisol reactivity. Conduct disorder and cortisol levels were not associated. Conclusions Future studies should detect whether the absence of a dampened cortisol response in infants whose mothers have lifetime MD or display overcontrolling parenting is stable over time.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Conduct disorder</subject><subject>Conduct Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Conduct Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Infant Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>infant cortisol</subject><subject>Life Change Events</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>major depression</subject><subject>Maternal Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>maternal overcontrol</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Mother-Child Relations</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy in Adolescence - physiology</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - metabolism</subject><issn>0006-3223</issn><issn>1873-2402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks9uEzEQxlcIREvhFSpf4NQN_rPxOhdESSlUahSJhrPleGdZh42deryt8lC8I14lqBKXnizP_Oab0XxTFOeMThhl8uNmsnZhh3vbTTilcsLYhNLZi-KUqVqUvKL8ZXFKc6YUnIuT4g3iJn9rztnr4oTVQshZJU6LP6sOyCVisM4kFzwJLVmYTYjkCnYREHPsgsyDbwabyJXDEBuIF8T4JnMJojc9WT5AtMGnGHry6FJHDLk2rh8ikBTIXRcec2QeYsrlPfkytC1EaMgPwF3wCMR5UpWLLNCVy74hN741PuE4ygrAm19AFiF1EPFt8ao1PcK743tW_Lz-upp_L2-X327ml7elrRRPJVetBCaaqmLrmlNFpWppO53OlKkrWQtLlZgx0a65rNZWiZZJLuucVVBZkXdzVnw46O5iuB8Ak946tND3xkMYUEvF-ZRO-bMgp1LWko-K8gDaGBAjtHoX3dbEvWZUj47qjf7nqB4d1Yzp7GguPD92GNZbaJ7KjhZm4P0RMGhN30bjrcMnbpZHoJXK3OcDB3lxDw6iRuvAW2hcBJt0E9zzs3z6T8L2zrvc9TfsATdhGM8BNdPINdV34_2N50clZZVUU_EXxY7XSA</recordid><startdate>20070915</startdate><enddate>20070915</enddate><creator>Azar, Rima</creator><creator>Paquette, Daniel</creator><creator>Zoccolillo, Mark</creator><creator>Baltzer, Franziska</creator><creator>Tremblay, Richard E</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070915</creationdate><title>The Association of Major Depression, Conduct Disorder, and Maternal Overcontrol with a Failure to Show a Cortisol Buffered Response in 4-Month-Old Infants of Teenage Mothers</title><author>Azar, Rima ; Paquette, Daniel ; Zoccolillo, Mark ; Baltzer, Franziska ; Tremblay, Richard E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-28f6e13d441b7208068f0f5598a74673c083913fb264bc83f1626798a8e4c3733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Conduct disorder</topic><topic>Conduct Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Conduct Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - analysis</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Behavior - physiology</topic><topic>Infant Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>infant cortisol</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>major depression</topic><topic>Maternal Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>maternal overcontrol</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Mother-Child Relations</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy in Adolescence - physiology</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. 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Psychiatry</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Azar, Rima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paquette, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zoccolillo, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baltzer, Franziska</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tremblay, Richard E</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biological psychiatry (1969)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Azar, Rima</au><au>Paquette, Daniel</au><au>Zoccolillo, Mark</au><au>Baltzer, Franziska</au><au>Tremblay, Richard E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Association of Major Depression, Conduct Disorder, and Maternal Overcontrol with a Failure to Show a Cortisol Buffered Response in 4-Month-Old Infants of Teenage Mothers</atitle><jtitle>Biological psychiatry (1969)</jtitle><addtitle>Biol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2007-09-15</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>573</spage><epage>579</epage><pages>573-579</pages><issn>0006-3223</issn><eissn>1873-2402</eissn><coden>BIPCBF</coden><abstract>Background Adolescent pregnancy can be associated with major depression (MD) and conduct disorder (CD). Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift occurs in the adrenocortical system in which we observe a marked decrease in infant cortisol response when facing mild stressors. This study aimed to explore whether MD (lifetime, during pregnancy, postpartum), CD, and maternal overcontrol are associated with increased cortisol reactivity in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers. Methods Using arm restraint as a stressor, morning salivary cortisol was taken prestressor and poststressor in 212 infants during a laboratory visit. Major depression and CD were measured with the computerized National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), postpartum depressive mood was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and overcontrol was observed with the CARE-Index. Results Independent of the predictors, there was a dampened cortisol response. Infants of mothers with lifetime MD and of average to highly overcontrolling mothers showed increased cortisol reactivity. Conduct disorder and cortisol levels were not associated. Conclusions Future studies should detect whether the absence of a dampened cortisol response in infants whose mothers have lifetime MD or display overcontrolling parenting is stable over time.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>17336943</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.009</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Conduct disorder
Conduct Disorder - diagnosis
Conduct Disorder - epidemiology
Depression
Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis
Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
Female
Humans
Hydrocortisone - analysis
Hydrocortisone - biosynthesis
Infant
Infant Behavior - physiology
Infant Behavior - psychology
infant cortisol
Life Change Events
Longitudinal Studies
major depression
Maternal Behavior - psychology
maternal overcontrol
Medical sciences
Mood disorders
Mother-Child Relations
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in Adolescence - physiology
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics & numerical data
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Saliva - chemistry
Stress, Psychological - metabolism
title The Association of Major Depression, Conduct Disorder, and Maternal Overcontrol with a Failure to Show a Cortisol Buffered Response in 4-Month-Old Infants of Teenage Mothers
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