Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease?
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major problem in hospitals, and it is now spreading in the community. A single toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been linked by epidemiological studies to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) disease. However, the role that PVL...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 2006-12, Vol.194 (12), p.1761-1770 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1770 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 1761 |
| container_title | The Journal of infectious diseases |
| container_volume | 194 |
| creator | Voyich, Jovanka M. Otto, Michael Mathema, Barun Braughton, Kevin R. Whitney, Adeline R. Welty, Diane Long, R. Daniel Dorward, David W. Gardner, Donald J. Lina, Gérard Kreiswirth, Barry N. DeLeo, Frank R. |
| description | Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major problem in hospitals, and it is now spreading in the community. A single toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been linked by epidemiological studies to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) disease. However, the role that PVL plays in the pathogenesis of CA‐MRSA has not been tested directly. To that end, we used mouse infection models to compare the virulence of PVL‐positive with that of PVL‐negative CA‐MRSA representing the leading disease‐causing strains. Unexpectedly, strains lacking PVL were as virulent in mouse sepsis and abscess models as those containing the leukotoxin. Isogenic PVL‐negative (lukS/F‐PV knockout) strains of USA300 and USA400 were as lethal as wild‐type strains in a sepsis model, and they caused comparable skin disease. Moreover, lysis of human neutrophils and pathogen survival after phagocytosis were similar between wild‐type and mutant strains. Although the toxin may be a highly linked epidemiological marker for CA‐MRSA strains, we conclude that PVL is not the major virulence determinant of CA‐MRSA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1086/509506 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68159043</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>30085981</jstor_id><oup_id>10.1086/509506</oup_id><sourcerecordid>30085981</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-2d7efc9eebf2ff305fbadef366d090d1568ddd32c596705cd532bce35165ead13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0ctu1DAUBmALgei0wBuAwgJ2KXY8duIVqqaXqTQtiEtVsbE89onG0yQebEdidn2E8oo8CY4y6qwQKy_Od35L50foFcHHBFf8A8OCYf4ETQijZc45oU_RBOOiyEklxAE6DGGNMZ5SXj5HB6QkWFCGJ-j3Zcg-qy667s_9w41qoIu2g2wB_Z3T1tguiyvIrtTa-ezG-j4BDdkpRPCt7dJilsjMtW3f2bhNGSchpEUVwWRXEFdW26axQ_gXCDbEYeNrVJvVtnHaad2HTPUe0nNqA6gAH1-gZ7VqArzcvUfo-_nZt9k8X3y6uJydLHI9LaYxL0wJtRYAy7qoa4pZvVQGasq5wQIbwnhljKGFZoKXmGnDaLHUQBnhDJQh9Ai9H3M33v3sIUTZ2qChaVQHrg-SV4SJdLD_QiJYUXCG91B7F4KHWm68bZXfSoLl0JIcW0rwzS6xX7Zg9mxXSwLvdkAFrZraq07bsHcVnTJBBvd2dK7f_Puz16NZh-j8o6IYV0xUwx3ycZ7agV-Pc-XvJC9pyeT89oc8v65uL8iiknP6F4o0wmI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19522650</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease?</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Voyich, Jovanka M. ; Otto, Michael ; Mathema, Barun ; Braughton, Kevin R. ; Whitney, Adeline R. ; Welty, Diane ; Long, R. Daniel ; Dorward, David W. ; Gardner, Donald J. ; Lina, Gérard ; Kreiswirth, Barry N. ; DeLeo, Frank R. </creator><creatorcontrib>Voyich, Jovanka M. ; Otto, Michael ; Mathema, Barun ; Braughton, Kevin R. ; Whitney, Adeline R. ; Welty, Diane ; Long, R. Daniel ; Dorward, David W. ; Gardner, Donald J. ; Lina, Gérard ; Kreiswirth, Barry N. ; DeLeo, Frank R. </creatorcontrib><description>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major problem in hospitals, and it is now spreading in the community. A single toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been linked by epidemiological studies to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) disease. However, the role that PVL plays in the pathogenesis of CA‐MRSA has not been tested directly. To that end, we used mouse infection models to compare the virulence of PVL‐positive with that of PVL‐negative CA‐MRSA representing the leading disease‐causing strains. Unexpectedly, strains lacking PVL were as virulent in mouse sepsis and abscess models as those containing the leukotoxin. Isogenic PVL‐negative (lukS/F‐PV knockout) strains of USA300 and USA400 were as lethal as wild‐type strains in a sepsis model, and they caused comparable skin disease. Moreover, lysis of human neutrophils and pathogen survival after phagocytosis were similar between wild‐type and mutant strains. Although the toxin may be a highly linked epidemiological marker for CA‐MRSA strains, we conclude that PVL is not the major virulence determinant of CA‐MRSA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/509506</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17109350</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JIDIAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Abscess - microbiology ; Abscesses ; Animals ; Animals, Outbred Strains ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Toxins - genetics ; Bacterial Toxins - metabolism ; Bacteriology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Epidemiology ; Exotoxins - genetics ; Exotoxins - metabolism ; Exotoxins - physiology ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Leukocidins ; Leukocidins - genetics ; Leukocidins - metabolism ; Leukocidins - physiology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - microbiology ; Medical sciences ; Methicillin - pharmacology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Neutrophils ; Neutrophils - microbiology ; Pathogenesis ; Point Mutation ; Sepsis ; Sepsis - microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development ; Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 2006-12, Vol.194 (12), p.1761-1770</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 2006</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-2d7efc9eebf2ff305fbadef366d090d1568ddd32c596705cd532bce35165ead13</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30085981$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/30085981$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18345910$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17109350$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Voyich, Jovanka M. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, Michael </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathema, Barun </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braughton, Kevin R. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whitney, Adeline R. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welty, Diane </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, R. Daniel </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorward, David W. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gardner, Donald J. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lina, Gérard </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiswirth, Barry N. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeLeo, Frank R. </creatorcontrib><title>Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease?</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</addtitle><addtitle>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</addtitle><description>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major problem in hospitals, and it is now spreading in the community. A single toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been linked by epidemiological studies to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) disease. However, the role that PVL plays in the pathogenesis of CA‐MRSA has not been tested directly. To that end, we used mouse infection models to compare the virulence of PVL‐positive with that of PVL‐negative CA‐MRSA representing the leading disease‐causing strains. Unexpectedly, strains lacking PVL were as virulent in mouse sepsis and abscess models as those containing the leukotoxin. Isogenic PVL‐negative (lukS/F‐PV knockout) strains of USA300 and USA400 were as lethal as wild‐type strains in a sepsis model, and they caused comparable skin disease. Moreover, lysis of human neutrophils and pathogen survival after phagocytosis were similar between wild‐type and mutant strains. Although the toxin may be a highly linked epidemiological marker for CA‐MRSA strains, we conclude that PVL is not the major virulence determinant of CA‐MRSA.</description><subject>Abscess - microbiology</subject><subject>Abscesses</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Outbred Strains</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Toxins - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exotoxins - genetics</subject><subject>Exotoxins - metabolism</subject><subject>Exotoxins - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunocompetence</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Leukocidins</subject><subject>Leukocidins - genetics</subject><subject>Leukocidins - metabolism</subject><subject>Leukocidins - physiology</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - microbiology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methicillin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Methicillin Resistance</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Hairless</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>Neutrophils - microbiology</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Point Mutation</subject><subject>Sepsis</subject><subject>Sepsis - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0ctu1DAUBmALgei0wBuAwgJ2KXY8duIVqqaXqTQtiEtVsbE89onG0yQebEdidn2E8oo8CY4y6qwQKy_Od35L50foFcHHBFf8A8OCYf4ETQijZc45oU_RBOOiyEklxAE6DGGNMZ5SXj5HB6QkWFCGJ-j3Zcg-qy667s_9w41qoIu2g2wB_Z3T1tguiyvIrtTa-ezG-j4BDdkpRPCt7dJilsjMtW3f2bhNGSchpEUVwWRXEFdW26axQ_gXCDbEYeNrVJvVtnHaad2HTPUe0nNqA6gAH1-gZ7VqArzcvUfo-_nZt9k8X3y6uJydLHI9LaYxL0wJtRYAy7qoa4pZvVQGasq5wQIbwnhljKGFZoKXmGnDaLHUQBnhDJQh9Ai9H3M33v3sIUTZ2qChaVQHrg-SV4SJdLD_QiJYUXCG91B7F4KHWm68bZXfSoLl0JIcW0rwzS6xX7Zg9mxXSwLvdkAFrZraq07bsHcVnTJBBvd2dK7f_Puz16NZh-j8o6IYV0xUwx3ycZ7agV-Pc-XvJC9pyeT89oc8v65uL8iiknP6F4o0wmI</recordid><startdate>20061215</startdate><enddate>20061215</enddate><creator>Voyich, Jovanka M. </creator><creator>Otto, Michael </creator><creator>Mathema, Barun </creator><creator>Braughton, Kevin R. </creator><creator>Whitney, Adeline R. </creator><creator>Welty, Diane </creator><creator>Long, R. Daniel </creator><creator>Dorward, David W. </creator><creator>Gardner, Donald J. </creator><creator>Lina, Gérard </creator><creator>Kreiswirth, Barry N. </creator><creator>DeLeo, Frank R. </creator><general>University of Chicago Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061215</creationdate><title>Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease?</title><author>Voyich, Jovanka M. ; Otto, Michael ; Mathema, Barun ; Braughton, Kevin R. ; Whitney, Adeline R. ; Welty, Diane ; Long, R. Daniel ; Dorward, David W. ; Gardner, Donald J. ; Lina, Gérard ; Kreiswirth, Barry N. ; DeLeo, Frank R. </author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-2d7efc9eebf2ff305fbadef366d090d1568ddd32c596705cd532bce35165ead13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Abscess - microbiology</topic><topic>Abscesses</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Outbred Strains</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Toxins - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exotoxins - genetics</topic><topic>Exotoxins - metabolism</topic><topic>Exotoxins - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunocompetence</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Leukocidins</topic><topic>Leukocidins - genetics</topic><topic>Leukocidins - metabolism</topic><topic>Leukocidins - physiology</topic><topic>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - microbiology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methicillin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Methicillin Resistance</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Hairless</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Neutrophils</topic><topic>Neutrophils - microbiology</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Point Mutation</topic><topic>Sepsis</topic><topic>Sepsis - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Voyich, Jovanka M. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, Michael </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathema, Barun </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braughton, Kevin R. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whitney, Adeline R. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welty, Diane </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, R. Daniel </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorward, David W. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gardner, Donald J. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lina, Gérard </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiswirth, Barry N. </creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeLeo, Frank R. </creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Voyich, Jovanka M. </au><au>Otto, Michael </au><au>Mathema, Barun </au><au>Braughton, Kevin R. </au><au>Whitney, Adeline R. </au><au>Welty, Diane </au><au>Long, R. Daniel </au><au>Dorward, David W. </au><au>Gardner, Donald J. </au><au>Lina, Gérard </au><au>Kreiswirth, Barry N. </au><au>DeLeo, Frank R. </au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease?</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><stitle>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</stitle><addtitle>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</addtitle><date>2006-12-15</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>194</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1761</spage><epage>1770</epage><pages>1761-1770</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><coden>JIDIAQ</coden><abstract>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major problem in hospitals, and it is now spreading in the community. A single toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been linked by epidemiological studies to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) disease. However, the role that PVL plays in the pathogenesis of CA‐MRSA has not been tested directly. To that end, we used mouse infection models to compare the virulence of PVL‐positive with that of PVL‐negative CA‐MRSA representing the leading disease‐causing strains. Unexpectedly, strains lacking PVL were as virulent in mouse sepsis and abscess models as those containing the leukotoxin. Isogenic PVL‐negative (lukS/F‐PV knockout) strains of USA300 and USA400 were as lethal as wild‐type strains in a sepsis model, and they caused comparable skin disease. Moreover, lysis of human neutrophils and pathogen survival after phagocytosis were similar between wild‐type and mutant strains. Although the toxin may be a highly linked epidemiological marker for CA‐MRSA strains, we conclude that PVL is not the major virulence determinant of CA‐MRSA.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>17109350</pmid><doi>10.1086/509506</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-1899 |
| ispartof | The Journal of infectious diseases, 2006-12, Vol.194 (12), p.1761-1770 |
| issn | 0022-1899 1537-6613 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68159043 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Abscess - microbiology Abscesses Animals Animals, Outbred Strains Bacteria Bacterial Toxins - genetics Bacterial Toxins - metabolism Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Epidemiology Exotoxins - genetics Exotoxins - metabolism Exotoxins - physiology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Immunocompetence Infections Infectious diseases Leukocidins Leukocidins - genetics Leukocidins - metabolism Leukocidins - physiology Leukocytes, Mononuclear - microbiology Medical sciences Methicillin - pharmacology Methicillin Resistance Mice Mice, Hairless Microbiology Miscellaneous Neutrophils Neutrophils - microbiology Pathogenesis Point Mutation Sepsis Sepsis - microbiology Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Virulence |
| title | Is Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin the Major Virulence Determinant in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease? |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T10%3A12%3A34IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is%20Panton%E2%80%90Valentine%20Leukocidin%20the%20Major%20Virulence%20Determinant%20in%20Community%E2%80%90Associated%20Methicillin%E2%80%90Resistant%20Staphylococcus%20aureus%20Disease?&rft.jtitle=The%20Journal%20of%20infectious%20diseases&rft.au=Voyich,%20Jovanka%C2%A0M.%C2%A0&rft.date=2006-12-15&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1761&rft.epage=1770&rft.pages=1761-1770&rft.issn=0022-1899&rft.eissn=1537-6613&rft.coden=JIDIAQ&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086/509506&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E30085981%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=19522650&rft_id=info:pmid/17109350&rft_jstor_id=30085981&rft_oup_id=10.1086/509506&rfr_iscdi=true |