Micronutrient Levels and HIV Disease Status in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort
BACKGROUND:Low serum micronutrient levels were common before widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were associated with adverse outcomes. Few data are available on micronutrient levels in subjects taking HAART. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of low serum retinol,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2006-12, Vol.43 (4), p.475-482 |
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| container_title | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) |
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| creator | Jones, Clara Y Tang, Alice M Forrester, Janet E Huang, Jinyong Hendricks, Kristy M Knox, Tamsin A Spiegelman, Donna Semba, Richard D Woods, Margo N |
| description | BACKGROUND:Low serum micronutrient levels were common before widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were associated with adverse outcomes. Few data are available on micronutrient levels in subjects taking HAART.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of low serum retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium in HIV-infected subjects taking HAART and to assess the association of micronutrient levels with HIV disease status.
DESIGN:Cross-sectional.
SETTING:Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study.
PARTICIPANTS:HIV-infected subjects on HAART.
METHODS:Retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium were determined in frozen serum samples from 171 men and 117 women. Low serum levels were defined as retinol |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/01.qai.0000243096.27029.fe |
| format | Article |
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of low serum retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium in HIV-infected subjects taking HAART and to assess the association of micronutrient levels with HIV disease status.
DESIGN:Cross-sectional.
SETTING:Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study.
PARTICIPANTS:HIV-infected subjects on HAART.
METHODS:Retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium were determined in frozen serum samples from 171 men and 117 women. Low serum levels were defined as retinol <30 μg/dL, selenium <85 μg/L, α-tocopherol <500 μg/dL, and zinc <670 μg/L. Association of micronutrient quartiles with CD4 cell count, CD4 count <200 cells/mm, HIV viral load (VL), and undetectable VL was assessed using adjusted multivariate regression.
RESULTS:Five percent of men and 14% of women had low retinol, 8% of men and 3% of women had low selenium, and 7% of men and no women had low α-tocopherol. Forty percent of men and 36% of women had low zinc, however. Subjects in the upper quartiles of zinc had lower log VL levels than those in the lowest quartile (significant for women). Subjects in the upper quartiles of selenium also tended to have lower VL levels compared with those in the lowest quartile. Surprisingly, women in the upper quartiles of retinol had higher log VLs than those in the lowest quartile. There was no significant association of any micronutrient with CD4 cell count or likelihood of CD4 count <200 cells/mm. The level of CD4 cell count influenced the association of retinol with log VL in men, however. In men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm, those with higher retinol had higher log VLs compared with the lowest quartile, whereas in men with CD4 counts <350, those with higher retinol levels had lower log VLs compared with the lowest quartile.
CONCLUSIONS:Low retinol, α-tocopherol, and selenium are uncommon in HIV-infected subjects on HAART. Zinc deficiency remains common, however. Decreased retinol levels in women and in men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm and increased zinc and selenium levels in both genders may be associated with improved virologic control.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1525-4135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7884</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000243096.27029.fe</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17019373</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; AIDS/HIV ; alpha-Tocopherol - blood ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Biological and medical sciences ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; HIV Infections - immunology ; HIV Infections - physiopathology ; HIV-1 - physiology ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Life Style ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microbiology ; Micronutrients - blood ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Selenium - blood ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids ; Viral Load ; Virology ; Vitamin A - blood ; Zinc - blood</subject><ispartof>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2006-12, Vol.43 (4), p.475-482</ispartof><rights>2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4445-89bd86afe79b98128451f28fcae22ae2f6c62031a0db27be2a21a6c81e25fa343</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4445-89bd86afe79b98128451f28fcae22ae2f6c62031a0db27be2a21a6c81e25fa343</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=n&CSC=Y&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00126334-200612010-00015$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwolterskluwer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4595,27901,27902,65206</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18323736$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17019373$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jones, Clara Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Alice M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forrester, Janet E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jinyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendricks, Kristy M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knox, Tamsin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spiegelman, Donna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semba, Richard D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woods, Margo N</creatorcontrib><title>Micronutrient Levels and HIV Disease Status in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort</title><title>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</title><addtitle>J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr</addtitle><description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND:Low serum micronutrient levels were common before widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were associated with adverse outcomes. Few data are available on micronutrient levels in subjects taking HAART.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of low serum retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium in HIV-infected subjects taking HAART and to assess the association of micronutrient levels with HIV disease status.
DESIGN:Cross-sectional.
SETTING:Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study.
PARTICIPANTS:HIV-infected subjects on HAART.
METHODS:Retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium were determined in frozen serum samples from 171 men and 117 women. Low serum levels were defined as retinol <30 μg/dL, selenium <85 μg/L, α-tocopherol <500 μg/dL, and zinc <670 μg/L. Association of micronutrient quartiles with CD4 cell count, CD4 count <200 cells/mm, HIV viral load (VL), and undetectable VL was assessed using adjusted multivariate regression.
RESULTS:Five percent of men and 14% of women had low retinol, 8% of men and 3% of women had low selenium, and 7% of men and no women had low α-tocopherol. Forty percent of men and 36% of women had low zinc, however. Subjects in the upper quartiles of zinc had lower log VL levels than those in the lowest quartile (significant for women). Subjects in the upper quartiles of selenium also tended to have lower VL levels compared with those in the lowest quartile. Surprisingly, women in the upper quartiles of retinol had higher log VLs than those in the lowest quartile. There was no significant association of any micronutrient with CD4 cell count or likelihood of CD4 count <200 cells/mm. The level of CD4 cell count influenced the association of retinol with log VL in men, however. In men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm, those with higher retinol had higher log VLs compared with the lowest quartile, whereas in men with CD4 counts <350, those with higher retinol levels had lower log VLs compared with the lowest quartile.
CONCLUSIONS:Low retinol, α-tocopherol, and selenium are uncommon in HIV-infected subjects on HAART. Zinc deficiency remains common, however. Decreased retinol levels in women and in men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm and increased zinc and selenium levels in both genders may be associated with improved virologic control.]]></description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>AIDS/HIV</subject><subject>alpha-Tocopherol - blood</subject><subject>Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>HIV Infections - immunology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - physiopathology</subject><subject>HIV-1 - physiology</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Life Style</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Micronutrients - blood</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Selenium - blood</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</subject><subject>Viral Load</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Vitamin A - blood</subject><subject>Zinc - blood</subject><issn>1525-4135</issn><issn>1944-7884</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkduO0zAQhiMEYpeFV0AWEtwleGznYO6qcmilcpBYuLWcdLwxuEnXdrrqk_C6ONtKtWR5ZH___Nb8WfYGaAFU1u8pFPfaFjQtJjiVVcFqymRh8El2DVKIvG4a8TTVJStzAby8yl6E8IdSqISQz7MrqClIXvPr7N9X2_lxmKK3OESywQO6QPSwJav1b_LRBtQByc-o4xSIHebbfD0Y7CJuyQ8dZ1UgY3qwd707kkUX7QHJYojWY_TjwXrtyG2PXu-Pc4PYI_k220WbVGb0ZIXaxf5INvZghzuyHPvRx5fZM6NdwFfn8yb79fnT7XKVb75_WS8Xm7wTQpR5I9ttU2mDtWxlA6wRJRjWmE4jY2mbqqsY5aDptmV1i0wz0FXXALLSaC74Tfbu1Hfvx_sJQ1Q7Gzp0Tg84TkFVDXAJNU_ghxOYxhWCR6P23u60Pyqgao5FUVApFnWJRT3Gogwm8euzy9TucHuRnnNIwNszoEOnnfF66Gy4cA1nCasSJ07cw-gi-vDXTQ_oVf84wmQNrOJc5IzSChgFmqfPQMn_A1PxqQA</recordid><startdate>20061201</startdate><enddate>20061201</enddate><creator>Jones, Clara Y</creator><creator>Tang, Alice M</creator><creator>Forrester, Janet E</creator><creator>Huang, Jinyong</creator><creator>Hendricks, Kristy M</creator><creator>Knox, Tamsin A</creator><creator>Spiegelman, Donna</creator><creator>Semba, Richard D</creator><creator>Woods, Margo N</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061201</creationdate><title>Micronutrient Levels and HIV Disease Status in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort</title><author>Jones, Clara Y ; Tang, Alice M ; Forrester, Janet E ; Huang, Jinyong ; Hendricks, Kristy M ; Knox, Tamsin A ; Spiegelman, Donna ; Semba, Richard D ; Woods, Margo N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4445-89bd86afe79b98128451f28fcae22ae2f6c62031a0db27be2a21a6c81e25fa343</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>AIDS/HIV</topic><topic>alpha-Tocopherol - blood</topic><topic>Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>HIV Infections - immunology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - physiopathology</topic><topic>HIV-1 - physiology</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Life Style</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Micronutrients - blood</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Selenium - blood</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</topic><topic>Viral Load</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Vitamin A - blood</topic><topic>Zinc - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jones, Clara Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Alice M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forrester, Janet E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jinyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendricks, Kristy M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knox, Tamsin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spiegelman, Donna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semba, Richard D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woods, Margo N</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jones, Clara Y</au><au>Tang, Alice M</au><au>Forrester, Janet E</au><au>Huang, Jinyong</au><au>Hendricks, Kristy M</au><au>Knox, Tamsin A</au><au>Spiegelman, Donna</au><au>Semba, Richard D</au><au>Woods, Margo N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Micronutrient Levels and HIV Disease Status in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort</atitle><jtitle>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</jtitle><addtitle>J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr</addtitle><date>2006-12-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>475</spage><epage>482</epage><pages>475-482</pages><issn>1525-4135</issn><eissn>1944-7884</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[BACKGROUND:Low serum micronutrient levels were common before widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were associated with adverse outcomes. Few data are available on micronutrient levels in subjects taking HAART.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of low serum retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium in HIV-infected subjects taking HAART and to assess the association of micronutrient levels with HIV disease status.
DESIGN:Cross-sectional.
SETTING:Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study.
PARTICIPANTS:HIV-infected subjects on HAART.
METHODS:Retinol, α-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium were determined in frozen serum samples from 171 men and 117 women. Low serum levels were defined as retinol <30 μg/dL, selenium <85 μg/L, α-tocopherol <500 μg/dL, and zinc <670 μg/L. Association of micronutrient quartiles with CD4 cell count, CD4 count <200 cells/mm, HIV viral load (VL), and undetectable VL was assessed using adjusted multivariate regression.
RESULTS:Five percent of men and 14% of women had low retinol, 8% of men and 3% of women had low selenium, and 7% of men and no women had low α-tocopherol. Forty percent of men and 36% of women had low zinc, however. Subjects in the upper quartiles of zinc had lower log VL levels than those in the lowest quartile (significant for women). Subjects in the upper quartiles of selenium also tended to have lower VL levels compared with those in the lowest quartile. Surprisingly, women in the upper quartiles of retinol had higher log VLs than those in the lowest quartile. There was no significant association of any micronutrient with CD4 cell count or likelihood of CD4 count <200 cells/mm. The level of CD4 cell count influenced the association of retinol with log VL in men, however. In men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm, those with higher retinol had higher log VLs compared with the lowest quartile, whereas in men with CD4 counts <350, those with higher retinol levels had lower log VLs compared with the lowest quartile.
CONCLUSIONS:Low retinol, α-tocopherol, and selenium are uncommon in HIV-infected subjects on HAART. Zinc deficiency remains common, however. Decreased retinol levels in women and in men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm and increased zinc and selenium levels in both genders may be associated with improved virologic control.]]></abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc</pub><pmid>17019373</pmid><doi>10.1097/01.qai.0000243096.27029.fe</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1525-4135 |
| ispartof | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2006-12, Vol.43 (4), p.475-482 |
| issn | 1525-4135 1944-7884 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Free E- Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Adult AIDS/HIV alpha-Tocopherol - blood Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biological and medical sciences CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - physiopathology HIV-1 - physiology Human viral diseases Humans Infectious diseases Life Style Male Medical sciences Microbiology Micronutrients - blood Middle Aged Miscellaneous Selenium - blood Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Viral Load Virology Vitamin A - blood Zinc - blood |
| title | Micronutrient Levels and HIV Disease Status in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort |
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