Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica
The effect of aluminum on dimorphic fungi Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. High aluminum (0.5-1.0 mM AlK(SO₄)₂) inhibits yeast-hypha transition. Both vanadate-sensitive H⁺ transport and ATPase activities were increased in total membranes isolated from aluminum-treated cells, indicating that a p...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | FEMS microbiology letters 2007-09, Vol.274 (1), p.17-23 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 23 |
---|---|
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 17 |
container_title | FEMS microbiology letters |
container_volume | 274 |
creator | Lobão, Flávia A Façanha, Arnoldo R Okorokov, Lev A Dutra, Keilla R Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L |
description | The effect of aluminum on dimorphic fungi Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. High aluminum (0.5-1.0 mM AlK(SO₄)₂) inhibits yeast-hypha transition. Both vanadate-sensitive H⁺ transport and ATPase activities were increased in total membranes isolated from aluminum-treated cells, indicating that a plasma membrane H⁺ pump was stimulated by aluminum. Furthermore, Al-treated cells showed a stronger H⁺ efflux in solid medium. The present results suggest that alterations in the plasma membrane H⁺ transport might underline a pH signaling required for yeast/hyphal development. The data point to the cell surface pH as a determinant of morphogenesis of Y. lipolytica and the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase as a key factor of this process. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68106068</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x</oup_id><sourcerecordid>68106068</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4921-9220ef5204d2fe8d76645dfb2b66a42ce7f543ad364670b002e5af3b85fedba43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkd-K1DAUxoMo7uzqK2hA9K715E_TFrwZFtcVRhTcvfAqpG2ymyFtatKyO5eyb-Xj-CRm7OCCKJibhHN-X_LlfAhhAjlJ6_U2J0XJM1GLKqcAZQ5QEZLfPkCr342HaAWsrDICdXmEjmPcAgCnIB6jI1IKwUpgK3S3dnNvh7nHth-VDRH3PozX_koPtsVTUEO0k_UDVkOH42T72alJR3z-49v3pT36MOFedzbVO9zs8HSt8ehU7FUq901iNF5ffFJRY2_wFxWCv7EKOzt6t5tsq56gR0a5qJ8e9hN0efb24vQ823x89_50vclaXlOS1ZSCNgUF3lGjqy79gRedaWgjhOK01aUpOFMdE1yU0ABQXSjDmqowumsUZyfo1XLvGPzXWcdJ9ja22rnk0M9RioqAAFEl8MUf4NbPYUjeJGUgClpztqeqhWqDjzFoI8dgexV2koDcxyS3cp-G3Kch9zHJXzHJ2yR9dnhgbtLo7oWHXBLw8gCo2Cpn0hBbG--5qhZ1QWji3izcjXV6998G5NmHTTokOVvkfh7_Ic7-5v75ojLKS3UVkrHLzxQIS1DNKKnZTyXKyLY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2306529438</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><creator>Lobão, Flávia A ; Façanha, Arnoldo R ; Okorokov, Lev A ; Dutra, Keilla R ; Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</creator><creatorcontrib>Lobão, Flávia A ; Façanha, Arnoldo R ; Okorokov, Lev A ; Dutra, Keilla R ; Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</creatorcontrib><description>The effect of aluminum on dimorphic fungi Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. High aluminum (0.5-1.0 mM AlK(SO₄)₂) inhibits yeast-hypha transition. Both vanadate-sensitive H⁺ transport and ATPase activities were increased in total membranes isolated from aluminum-treated cells, indicating that a plasma membrane H⁺ pump was stimulated by aluminum. Furthermore, Al-treated cells showed a stronger H⁺ efflux in solid medium. The present results suggest that alterations in the plasma membrane H⁺ transport might underline a pH signaling required for yeast/hyphal development. The data point to the cell surface pH as a determinant of morphogenesis of Y. lipolytica and the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase as a key factor of this process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-1097</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1574-6968</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17663703</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FMLED7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adenosine triphosphatase ; Aluminum ; Aluminum - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Membrane - chemistry ; Cell Membrane - drug effects ; Cell surface ; Data points ; dimorphism ; Efflux ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Fungi ; Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology ; H+-transporting ATPase ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyphae - drug effects ; Hyphae - growth & development ; Hyphae - metabolism ; Ion Transport - drug effects ; Membranes ; Microbiology ; Morphogenesis ; Morphogenesis - drug effects ; Mycology ; P-type ATPase ; pH effects ; Plasma ; plasma membrane transport ; Proton-Translocating ATPases - physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transport ; Vanadate ; Yarrowia - chemistry ; Yarrowia - drug effects ; Yarrowia - growth & development ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Yeast ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>FEMS microbiology letters, 2007-09, Vol.274 (1), p.17-23</ispartof><rights>2007 Federation of European Microbiological Societies 2007</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2007 Federation of European Microbiological Societies</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4921-9220ef5204d2fe8d76645dfb2b66a42ce7f543ad364670b002e5af3b85fedba43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4921-9220ef5204d2fe8d76645dfb2b66a42ce7f543ad364670b002e5af3b85fedba43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.2007.00811.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.2007.00811.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18969512$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663703$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lobão, Flávia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Façanha, Arnoldo R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okorokov, Lev A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutra, Keilla R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</creatorcontrib><title>Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica</title><title>FEMS microbiology letters</title><addtitle>FEMS Microbiol Lett</addtitle><description>The effect of aluminum on dimorphic fungi Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. High aluminum (0.5-1.0 mM AlK(SO₄)₂) inhibits yeast-hypha transition. Both vanadate-sensitive H⁺ transport and ATPase activities were increased in total membranes isolated from aluminum-treated cells, indicating that a plasma membrane H⁺ pump was stimulated by aluminum. Furthermore, Al-treated cells showed a stronger H⁺ efflux in solid medium. The present results suggest that alterations in the plasma membrane H⁺ transport might underline a pH signaling required for yeast/hyphal development. The data point to the cell surface pH as a determinant of morphogenesis of Y. lipolytica and the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase as a key factor of this process.</description><subject>Adenosine triphosphatase</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Aluminum - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Membrane - chemistry</subject><subject>Cell Membrane - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell surface</subject><subject>Data points</subject><subject>dimorphism</subject><subject>Efflux</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology</subject><subject>H+-transporting ATPase</subject><subject>Hydrogen</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Hyphae - drug effects</subject><subject>Hyphae - growth & development</subject><subject>Hyphae - metabolism</subject><subject>Ion Transport - drug effects</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Morphogenesis</subject><subject>Morphogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>Mycology</subject><subject>P-type ATPase</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>plasma membrane transport</subject><subject>Proton-Translocating ATPases - physiology</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Transport</subject><subject>Vanadate</subject><subject>Yarrowia - chemistry</subject><subject>Yarrowia - drug effects</subject><subject>Yarrowia - growth & development</subject><subject>Yarrowia lipolytica</subject><subject>Yeast</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><issn>0378-1097</issn><issn>1574-6968</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkd-K1DAUxoMo7uzqK2hA9K715E_TFrwZFtcVRhTcvfAqpG2ymyFtatKyO5eyb-Xj-CRm7OCCKJibhHN-X_LlfAhhAjlJ6_U2J0XJM1GLKqcAZQ5QEZLfPkCr342HaAWsrDICdXmEjmPcAgCnIB6jI1IKwUpgK3S3dnNvh7nHth-VDRH3PozX_koPtsVTUEO0k_UDVkOH42T72alJR3z-49v3pT36MOFedzbVO9zs8HSt8ehU7FUq901iNF5ffFJRY2_wFxWCv7EKOzt6t5tsq56gR0a5qJ8e9hN0efb24vQ823x89_50vclaXlOS1ZSCNgUF3lGjqy79gRedaWgjhOK01aUpOFMdE1yU0ABQXSjDmqowumsUZyfo1XLvGPzXWcdJ9ja22rnk0M9RioqAAFEl8MUf4NbPYUjeJGUgClpztqeqhWqDjzFoI8dgexV2koDcxyS3cp-G3Kch9zHJXzHJ2yR9dnhgbtLo7oWHXBLw8gCo2Cpn0hBbG--5qhZ1QWji3izcjXV6998G5NmHTTokOVvkfh7_Ic7-5v75ojLKS3UVkrHLzxQIS1DNKKnZTyXKyLY</recordid><startdate>200709</startdate><enddate>200709</enddate><creator>Lobão, Flávia A</creator><creator>Façanha, Arnoldo R</creator><creator>Okorokov, Lev A</creator><creator>Dutra, Keilla R</creator><creator>Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200709</creationdate><title>Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica</title><author>Lobão, Flávia A ; Façanha, Arnoldo R ; Okorokov, Lev A ; Dutra, Keilla R ; Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4921-9220ef5204d2fe8d76645dfb2b66a42ce7f543ad364670b002e5af3b85fedba43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adenosine triphosphatase</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Aluminum - pharmacology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Membrane - chemistry</topic><topic>Cell Membrane - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell surface</topic><topic>Data points</topic><topic>dimorphism</topic><topic>Efflux</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology</topic><topic>H+-transporting ATPase</topic><topic>Hydrogen</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Hyphae - drug effects</topic><topic>Hyphae - growth & development</topic><topic>Hyphae - metabolism</topic><topic>Ion Transport - drug effects</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Morphogenesis</topic><topic>Morphogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>Mycology</topic><topic>P-type ATPase</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>plasma membrane transport</topic><topic>Proton-Translocating ATPases - physiology</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><topic>Transport</topic><topic>Vanadate</topic><topic>Yarrowia - chemistry</topic><topic>Yarrowia - drug effects</topic><topic>Yarrowia - growth & development</topic><topic>Yarrowia lipolytica</topic><topic>Yeast</topic><topic>Yeasts</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lobão, Flávia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Façanha, Arnoldo R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okorokov, Lev A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutra, Keilla R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>FEMS microbiology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lobão, Flávia A</au><au>Façanha, Arnoldo R</au><au>Okorokov, Lev A</au><au>Dutra, Keilla R</au><au>Okorokova-Façanha, Anna L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica</atitle><jtitle>FEMS microbiology letters</jtitle><addtitle>FEMS Microbiol Lett</addtitle><date>2007-09</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>274</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>17</spage><epage>23</epage><pages>17-23</pages><issn>0378-1097</issn><eissn>1574-6968</eissn><coden>FMLED7</coden><abstract>The effect of aluminum on dimorphic fungi Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. High aluminum (0.5-1.0 mM AlK(SO₄)₂) inhibits yeast-hypha transition. Both vanadate-sensitive H⁺ transport and ATPase activities were increased in total membranes isolated from aluminum-treated cells, indicating that a plasma membrane H⁺ pump was stimulated by aluminum. Furthermore, Al-treated cells showed a stronger H⁺ efflux in solid medium. The present results suggest that alterations in the plasma membrane H⁺ transport might underline a pH signaling required for yeast/hyphal development. The data point to the cell surface pH as a determinant of morphogenesis of Y. lipolytica and the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase as a key factor of this process.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>17663703</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0378-1097 |
ispartof | FEMS microbiology letters, 2007-09, Vol.274 (1), p.17-23 |
issn | 0378-1097 1574-6968 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68106068 |
source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
subjects | Adenosine triphosphatase Aluminum Aluminum - pharmacology Biological and medical sciences Cell Membrane - chemistry Cell Membrane - drug effects Cell surface Data points dimorphism Efflux Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungi Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology H+-transporting ATPase Hydrogen Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hyphae - drug effects Hyphae - growth & development Hyphae - metabolism Ion Transport - drug effects Membranes Microbiology Morphogenesis Morphogenesis - drug effects Mycology P-type ATPase pH effects Plasma plasma membrane transport Proton-Translocating ATPases - physiology Signal Transduction Transport Vanadate Yarrowia - chemistry Yarrowia - drug effects Yarrowia - growth & development Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Yeasts |
title | Aluminum impairs morphogenic transition and stimulates H⁺ transport mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase of Yarrowia lipolytica |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T03%3A05%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aluminum%20impairs%20morphogenic%20transition%20and%20stimulates%20H%E2%81%BA%20transport%20mediated%20by%20the%20plasma%20membrane%20ATPase%20of%20Yarrowia%20lipolytica&rft.jtitle=FEMS%20microbiology%20letters&rft.au=Lob%C3%A3o,%20Fl%C3%A1via%20A&rft.date=2007-09&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.epage=23&rft.pages=17-23&rft.issn=0378-1097&rft.eissn=1574-6968&rft.coden=FMLED7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E68106068%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2306529438&rft_id=info:pmid/17663703&rft_oup_id=10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00811.x&rfr_iscdi=true |