To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta‐analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments
ABSTRACT The surface concentration of ozone ([O3]) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a day‐time mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [O3] is projected to rise a fur...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant, cell and environment cell and environment, 2007-09, Vol.30 (9), p.1150-1162 |
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| creator | WITTIG, VICTORIA E. AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A. LONG, STEPHEN P. |
| description | ABSTRACT
The surface concentration of ozone ([O3]) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a day‐time mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [O3] is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, with larger increases in many locations including Northern Hemisphere forests. This review uses statistical meta‐analysis to determine mean effects, and their confidence limits, of both the current and projected elevations of [O3] on light‐saturated photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) in trees. In total, 348 measurements of Asat from 61 studies and 266 measures of gs from 55 studies were reviewed. Results suggested that the elevation of [O3] that has occurred since the industrial revolution is depressing Asat and gs by 11% (CI 9–13%) and 13% (CI 11–15%), respectively, where CI is the 95% confidence interval. In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms were not significantly affected. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly decreased the effect of ambient [O3]. Younger trees ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01717.x |
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The surface concentration of ozone ([O3]) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a day‐time mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [O3] is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, with larger increases in many locations including Northern Hemisphere forests. This review uses statistical meta‐analysis to determine mean effects, and their confidence limits, of both the current and projected elevations of [O3] on light‐saturated photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) in trees. In total, 348 measurements of Asat from 61 studies and 266 measures of gs from 55 studies were reviewed. Results suggested that the elevation of [O3] that has occurred since the industrial revolution is depressing Asat and gs by 11% (CI 9–13%) and 13% (CI 11–15%), respectively, where CI is the 95% confidence interval. In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms were not significantly affected. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly decreased the effect of ambient [O3]. Younger trees (<4 years) were affected less than older trees. Elevation of [O3] above current levels caused progressively larger losses of Asat and gs, including gymnosperms. Results are consistent with the expectation that damage to photosynthesis depends on the cumulative uptake of ozone (O3) into the leaf. Thus, factors that lower gs lessen damage. Where both gs and [O3] were recorded, an overall decline in Asat of 0.21% per mmol m−2 of estimated cumulative O3 uptake was calculated. These findings suggest that rising [O3], an often overlooked aspect of global atmospheric change, is progressively depressing the ability of temperate and boreal forests to assimilate carbon and transfer water vapour to the atmosphere, with significant potential effects on terrestrial carbon sinks and regional hydrologies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0140-7791</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-3040</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01717.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17661752</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>air pollution ; Atmosphere ; atmospheric change ; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism ; cumulative ozone uptake ; forests ; global change ; Ozone - analysis ; Ozone - metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; stomata ; Trees</subject><ispartof>Plant, cell and environment, 2007-09, Vol.30 (9), p.1150-1162</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5457-f14153eb49019944de6277085c046b23a7d3b8e1d1956b207200b0fa7b3557053</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5457-f14153eb49019944de6277085c046b23a7d3b8e1d1956b207200b0fa7b3557053</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3040.2007.01717.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3040.2007.01717.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17661752$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>WITTIG, VICTORIA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LONG, STEPHEN P.</creatorcontrib><title>To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta‐analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments</title><title>Plant, cell and environment</title><addtitle>Plant Cell Environ</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
The surface concentration of ozone ([O3]) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a day‐time mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [O3] is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, with larger increases in many locations including Northern Hemisphere forests. This review uses statistical meta‐analysis to determine mean effects, and their confidence limits, of both the current and projected elevations of [O3] on light‐saturated photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) in trees. In total, 348 measurements of Asat from 61 studies and 266 measures of gs from 55 studies were reviewed. Results suggested that the elevation of [O3] that has occurred since the industrial revolution is depressing Asat and gs by 11% (CI 9–13%) and 13% (CI 11–15%), respectively, where CI is the 95% confidence interval. In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms were not significantly affected. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly decreased the effect of ambient [O3]. Younger trees (<4 years) were affected less than older trees. Elevation of [O3] above current levels caused progressively larger losses of Asat and gs, including gymnosperms. Results are consistent with the expectation that damage to photosynthesis depends on the cumulative uptake of ozone (O3) into the leaf. Thus, factors that lower gs lessen damage. Where both gs and [O3] were recorded, an overall decline in Asat of 0.21% per mmol m−2 of estimated cumulative O3 uptake was calculated. These findings suggest that rising [O3], an often overlooked aspect of global atmospheric change, is progressively depressing the ability of temperate and boreal forests to assimilate carbon and transfer water vapour to the atmosphere, with significant potential effects on terrestrial carbon sinks and regional hydrologies.</description><subject>air pollution</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>atmospheric change</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - metabolism</subject><subject>cumulative ozone uptake</subject><subject>forests</subject><subject>global change</subject><subject>Ozone - analysis</subject><subject>Ozone - metabolism</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - metabolism</subject><subject>stomata</subject><subject>Trees</subject><issn>0140-7791</issn><issn>1365-3040</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks2O0zAQxyMEYsvCKyCfuCWMYztuDgitquVDWgkOy9ly7ImaKomL7dB2TyvxArwPb7NPgtNWcFx88Xj8-8_YM5NlhEJB03q7KSirRM6AQ1ECyAKopLLYP8kWfy-eZgugHHIpa3qRvQhhA5Acsn6eXVBZVVSKcpH9vnVkt9aR4D7iGIl1xEzez6YeLdl6t0ET0ZJuNB51wJAsEibfaoPE3bkRiW7bxJDt2kUXDmNcY-jCUR6iG3TUPTFutJOJepxFLYkeMbwnV2TAqB_uf-lR94fYGeLxR4e7I7JG0usQCXu4_2nRaJtSJz_ut-i7IT0wvMyetboP-Oq8X2bfPlzfrj7lN18-fl5d3eRGcCHzlnIqGDa8BlrXnFusSilhKQzwqimZlpY1S6SW1iKdQaaKNtBq2TAhJAh2mb05xU3V-D5hiGrogsG-1yO6KahqSaFkDB4FSxCU1-JxkPIlpQAsgcsTaLwLwWOrtunz2h8UBTWPgtqoueNq7riaR0EdR0Htk_T1OcfUDGj_Cc-9T8C7E7Drejz8d2D1dXU9W-wPS_7GJw</recordid><startdate>200709</startdate><enddate>200709</enddate><creator>WITTIG, VICTORIA E.</creator><creator>AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A.</creator><creator>LONG, STEPHEN P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200709</creationdate><title>To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta‐analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments</title><author>WITTIG, VICTORIA E. ; AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A. ; LONG, STEPHEN P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5457-f14153eb49019944de6277085c046b23a7d3b8e1d1956b207200b0fa7b3557053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>air pollution</topic><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>atmospheric change</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - metabolism</topic><topic>cumulative ozone uptake</topic><topic>forests</topic><topic>global change</topic><topic>Ozone - analysis</topic><topic>Ozone - metabolism</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - metabolism</topic><topic>stomata</topic><topic>Trees</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WITTIG, VICTORIA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LONG, STEPHEN P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Plant, cell and environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>WITTIG, VICTORIA E.</au><au>AINSWORTH, ELIZABETH A.</au><au>LONG, STEPHEN P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta‐analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments</atitle><jtitle>Plant, cell and environment</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Cell Environ</addtitle><date>2007-09</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1150</spage><epage>1162</epage><pages>1150-1162</pages><issn>0140-7791</issn><eissn>1365-3040</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
The surface concentration of ozone ([O3]) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a day‐time mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [O3] is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, with larger increases in many locations including Northern Hemisphere forests. This review uses statistical meta‐analysis to determine mean effects, and their confidence limits, of both the current and projected elevations of [O3] on light‐saturated photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) in trees. In total, 348 measurements of Asat from 61 studies and 266 measures of gs from 55 studies were reviewed. Results suggested that the elevation of [O3] that has occurred since the industrial revolution is depressing Asat and gs by 11% (CI 9–13%) and 13% (CI 11–15%), respectively, where CI is the 95% confidence interval. In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms were not significantly affected. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly decreased the effect of ambient [O3]. Younger trees (<4 years) were affected less than older trees. Elevation of [O3] above current levels caused progressively larger losses of Asat and gs, including gymnosperms. Results are consistent with the expectation that damage to photosynthesis depends on the cumulative uptake of ozone (O3) into the leaf. Thus, factors that lower gs lessen damage. Where both gs and [O3] were recorded, an overall decline in Asat of 0.21% per mmol m−2 of estimated cumulative O3 uptake was calculated. These findings suggest that rising [O3], an often overlooked aspect of global atmospheric change, is progressively depressing the ability of temperate and boreal forests to assimilate carbon and transfer water vapour to the atmosphere, with significant potential effects on terrestrial carbon sinks and regional hydrologies.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>17661752</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01717.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | air pollution Atmosphere atmospheric change Carbon Dioxide - metabolism cumulative ozone uptake forests global change Ozone - analysis Ozone - metabolism Photosynthesis Plant Leaves - metabolism stomata Trees |
| title | To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta‐analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments |
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