Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis
The utility of programmed ventricular stimulation to predict future arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is unknown. Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. Thirty-two consecutive patients w...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of cardiology 2005-07, Vol.96 (2), p.276-282 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 282 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 276 |
| container_title | The American journal of cardiology |
| container_volume | 96 |
| creator | Aizer, Anthony Stern, Eric H. Gomes, J. Anthony Teirstein, Alvin S. Eckart, Robert E. Mehta, Davendra |
| description | The utility of programmed ventricular stimulation to predict future arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is unknown. Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. Thirty-two consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias (n = 12) underwent ICD insertion. All study patients were followed for the combined arrhythmic event end point of appropriate ICD therapies or sudden death. Mean length of follow-up to sustained ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death was 32 ± 30 months. Five of 6 patients (83%) with spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias and 4 of 6 patients (67%) without spontaneous but with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias received appropriate ICD therapy. Two of 20 patients (10%) with neither spontaneous nor inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death. Programmed ventricular stimulation predicted subsequent arrhythmic events in the entire population (relative hazard 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 15.39) and in patients who presented without spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias (relative hazard 6.97, 95% CI 1.27 to 38.27). No patient with an ICD died of a primary arrhythmic event. In patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias, mean survival from first appropriate ICD therapy to death or cardiac transplant was 60 ± 46 months, with only 2 patients dying or reaching transplant at study end. In conclusion, programmed ventricular stimulation identifies patients with cardiac sarcoidosis at high risk for future arrhythmic events. ICDs effectively terminate life-threatening arrhythmias in high-risk patients, with significant survival after first appropriate therapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.059 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68034551</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0002914905006648</els_id><sourcerecordid>68034551</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-b17e690d8c4003177e3d190450f5e9f594d62fcb69ac5b709b5fa38a6f3da5e43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkVFL3jAUhsPYmJ9uP2EjDNxdu5OmSZurIR_qBoKCc7sMaZr4pbSNS1JB8Mcv-hUEb3aVE3jew-F9EPpEoCRA-LehVNOgVejLCoCVQEtg4g3akLYRBRGEvkUbAKgKQWpxgA5jHPKXEMbfowPCgbQtazbo8SYau4yziRF7i6-Cvw1qmkyPf5s5BaeXUQV8ndyUh-T8jN2cKdM7ndx8i8-WtASDT0LYPaTd5DQ-vc_B-IzlwPP8x6Ud3uZbndL4WgXtXe-jix_QO6vGaD6u7xG6OTv9tf1RXFye_9yeXBS6riAVHWkMF9C3ugagpGkM7YmAmoFlRlgm6p5XVndcKM26BkTHrKKt4pb2ipmaHqGv-713wf9dTExyclGbcVSz8UuUvAVaM0Yy-OUVOPglzPk2WVGgnFEhMsT2kA4-xmCsvAtuUuFBEpBPbuQgVzfyyY0EKrObnPu8Ll-6XPBLapWRgeMVUFGr0QY1axdfuAYaQTjP3Pc9Z3Jn984EGXUuWmcpwegke-_-c8o_zLCxBw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>230365399</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Aizer, Anthony ; Stern, Eric H. ; Gomes, J. Anthony ; Teirstein, Alvin S. ; Eckart, Robert E. ; Mehta, Davendra</creator><creatorcontrib>Aizer, Anthony ; Stern, Eric H. ; Gomes, J. Anthony ; Teirstein, Alvin S. ; Eckart, Robert E. ; Mehta, Davendra</creatorcontrib><description>The utility of programmed ventricular stimulation to predict future arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is unknown. Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. Thirty-two consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias (n = 12) underwent ICD insertion. All study patients were followed for the combined arrhythmic event end point of appropriate ICD therapies or sudden death. Mean length of follow-up to sustained ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death was 32 ± 30 months. Five of 6 patients (83%) with spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias and 4 of 6 patients (67%) without spontaneous but with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias received appropriate ICD therapy. Two of 20 patients (10%) with neither spontaneous nor inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death. Programmed ventricular stimulation predicted subsequent arrhythmic events in the entire population (relative hazard 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 15.39) and in patients who presented without spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias (relative hazard 6.97, 95% CI 1.27 to 38.27). No patient with an ICD died of a primary arrhythmic event. In patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias, mean survival from first appropriate ICD therapy to death or cardiac transplant was 60 ± 46 months, with only 2 patients dying or reaching transplant at study end. In conclusion, programmed ventricular stimulation identifies patients with cardiac sarcoidosis at high risk for future arrhythmic events. ICDs effectively terminate life-threatening arrhythmias in high-risk patients, with significant survival after first appropriate therapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9149</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1913</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.059</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16018857</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCDAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiac arrhythmia ; Cardiac dysrhythmias ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiomyopathies - complications ; Cardiomyopathies - diagnosis ; Defibrillators ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Lymphatic system ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Probability ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sarcoidosis - complications ; Sarcoidosis - diagnosis ; Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis ; Severity of Illness Index ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Survival Rate ; Tachycardia, Ventricular - diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Ventricular - etiology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular - mortality ; Tachycardia, Ventricular - therapy ; Transplants & implants ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>The American journal of cardiology, 2005-07, Vol.96 (2), p.276-282</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jul 15, 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-b17e690d8c4003177e3d190450f5e9f594d62fcb69ac5b709b5fa38a6f3da5e43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-b17e690d8c4003177e3d190450f5e9f594d62fcb69ac5b709b5fa38a6f3da5e43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002914905006648$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17079166$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16018857$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aizer, Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stern, Eric H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomes, J. Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teirstein, Alvin S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckart, Robert E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehta, Davendra</creatorcontrib><title>Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis</title><title>The American journal of cardiology</title><addtitle>Am J Cardiol</addtitle><description>The utility of programmed ventricular stimulation to predict future arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is unknown. Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. Thirty-two consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias (n = 12) underwent ICD insertion. All study patients were followed for the combined arrhythmic event end point of appropriate ICD therapies or sudden death. Mean length of follow-up to sustained ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death was 32 ± 30 months. Five of 6 patients (83%) with spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias and 4 of 6 patients (67%) without spontaneous but with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias received appropriate ICD therapy. Two of 20 patients (10%) with neither spontaneous nor inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death. Programmed ventricular stimulation predicted subsequent arrhythmic events in the entire population (relative hazard 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 15.39) and in patients who presented without spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias (relative hazard 6.97, 95% CI 1.27 to 38.27). No patient with an ICD died of a primary arrhythmic event. In patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias, mean survival from first appropriate ICD therapy to death or cardiac transplant was 60 ± 46 months, with only 2 patients dying or reaching transplant at study end. In conclusion, programmed ventricular stimulation identifies patients with cardiac sarcoidosis at high risk for future arrhythmic events. ICDs effectively terminate life-threatening arrhythmias in high-risk patients, with significant survival after first appropriate therapy.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiac arrhythmia</subject><subject>Cardiac dysrhythmias</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathies - complications</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathies - diagnosis</subject><subject>Defibrillators</subject><subject>Defibrillators, Implantable</subject><subject>Echocardiography, Doppler</subject><subject>Electrocardiography</subject><subject>Electrophysiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Probability</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sarcoidosis - complications</subject><subject>Sarcoidosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><subject>Survival Rate</subject><subject>Tachycardia, Ventricular - diagnosis</subject><subject>Tachycardia, Ventricular - etiology</subject><subject>Tachycardia, Ventricular - mortality</subject><subject>Tachycardia, Ventricular - therapy</subject><subject>Transplants & implants</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>0002-9149</issn><issn>1879-1913</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkVFL3jAUhsPYmJ9uP2EjDNxdu5OmSZurIR_qBoKCc7sMaZr4pbSNS1JB8Mcv-hUEb3aVE3jew-F9EPpEoCRA-LehVNOgVejLCoCVQEtg4g3akLYRBRGEvkUbAKgKQWpxgA5jHPKXEMbfowPCgbQtazbo8SYau4yziRF7i6-Cvw1qmkyPf5s5BaeXUQV8ndyUh-T8jN2cKdM7ndx8i8-WtASDT0LYPaTd5DQ-vc_B-IzlwPP8x6Ud3uZbndL4WgXtXe-jix_QO6vGaD6u7xG6OTv9tf1RXFye_9yeXBS6riAVHWkMF9C3ugagpGkM7YmAmoFlRlgm6p5XVndcKM26BkTHrKKt4pb2ipmaHqGv-713wf9dTExyclGbcVSz8UuUvAVaM0Yy-OUVOPglzPk2WVGgnFEhMsT2kA4-xmCsvAtuUuFBEpBPbuQgVzfyyY0EKrObnPu8Ll-6XPBLapWRgeMVUFGr0QY1axdfuAYaQTjP3Pc9Z3Jn984EGXUuWmcpwegke-_-c8o_zLCxBw</recordid><startdate>20050715</startdate><enddate>20050715</enddate><creator>Aizer, Anthony</creator><creator>Stern, Eric H.</creator><creator>Gomes, J. Anthony</creator><creator>Teirstein, Alvin S.</creator><creator>Eckart, Robert E.</creator><creator>Mehta, Davendra</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050715</creationdate><title>Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis</title><author>Aizer, Anthony ; Stern, Eric H. ; Gomes, J. Anthony ; Teirstein, Alvin S. ; Eckart, Robert E. ; Mehta, Davendra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-b17e690d8c4003177e3d190450f5e9f594d62fcb69ac5b709b5fa38a6f3da5e43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiac arrhythmia</topic><topic>Cardiac dysrhythmias</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathies - complications</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathies - diagnosis</topic><topic>Defibrillators</topic><topic>Defibrillators, Implantable</topic><topic>Echocardiography, Doppler</topic><topic>Electrocardiography</topic><topic>Electrophysiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Probability</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Sarcoidosis - complications</topic><topic>Sarcoidosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><topic>Survival Rate</topic><topic>Tachycardia, Ventricular - diagnosis</topic><topic>Tachycardia, Ventricular - etiology</topic><topic>Tachycardia, Ventricular - mortality</topic><topic>Tachycardia, Ventricular - therapy</topic><topic>Transplants & implants</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aizer, Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stern, Eric H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomes, J. Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teirstein, Alvin S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckart, Robert E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehta, Davendra</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of cardiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aizer, Anthony</au><au>Stern, Eric H.</au><au>Gomes, J. Anthony</au><au>Teirstein, Alvin S.</au><au>Eckart, Robert E.</au><au>Mehta, Davendra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of cardiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Cardiol</addtitle><date>2005-07-15</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>276</spage><epage>282</epage><pages>276-282</pages><issn>0002-9149</issn><eissn>1879-1913</eissn><coden>AJCDAG</coden><abstract>The utility of programmed ventricular stimulation to predict future arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is unknown. Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. Thirty-two consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias (n = 12) underwent ICD insertion. All study patients were followed for the combined arrhythmic event end point of appropriate ICD therapies or sudden death. Mean length of follow-up to sustained ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death was 32 ± 30 months. Five of 6 patients (83%) with spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias and 4 of 6 patients (67%) without spontaneous but with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias received appropriate ICD therapy. Two of 20 patients (10%) with neither spontaneous nor inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death. Programmed ventricular stimulation predicted subsequent arrhythmic events in the entire population (relative hazard 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 15.39) and in patients who presented without spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias (relative hazard 6.97, 95% CI 1.27 to 38.27). No patient with an ICD died of a primary arrhythmic event. In patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias, mean survival from first appropriate ICD therapy to death or cardiac transplant was 60 ± 46 months, with only 2 patients dying or reaching transplant at study end. In conclusion, programmed ventricular stimulation identifies patients with cardiac sarcoidosis at high risk for future arrhythmic events. ICDs effectively terminate life-threatening arrhythmias in high-risk patients, with significant survival after first appropriate therapy.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>16018857</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.059</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-9149 |
| ispartof | The American journal of cardiology, 2005-07, Vol.96 (2), p.276-282 |
| issn | 0002-9149 1879-1913 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68034551 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Cardiac arrhythmia Cardiac dysrhythmias Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiomyopathies - complications Cardiomyopathies - diagnosis Defibrillators Defibrillators, Implantable Echocardiography, Doppler Electrocardiography Electrophysiology Female Follow-Up Studies Heart Humans Lymphatic system Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Probability Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Sarcoidosis - complications Sarcoidosis - diagnosis Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis Severity of Illness Index Statistics, Nonparametric Survival Rate Tachycardia, Ventricular - diagnosis Tachycardia, Ventricular - etiology Tachycardia, Ventricular - mortality Tachycardia, Ventricular - therapy Transplants & implants Treatment Outcome |
| title | Usefulness of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Predicting Future Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-10T01%3A39%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Usefulness%20of%20Programmed%20Ventricular%20Stimulation%20in%20Predicting%20Future%20Arrhythmic%20Events%20in%20Patients%20With%20Cardiac%20Sarcoidosis&rft.jtitle=The%20American%20journal%20of%20cardiology&rft.au=Aizer,%20Anthony&rft.date=2005-07-15&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=276&rft.epage=282&rft.pages=276-282&rft.issn=0002-9149&rft.eissn=1879-1913&rft.coden=AJCDAG&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.059&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E68034551%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=230365399&rft_id=info:pmid/16018857&rft_els_id=S0002914905006648&rfr_iscdi=true |