Insulin-like growth factor–1 gene splice variants as markers of muscle damage in levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery
Studies in animals and human muscle have demonstrated differential splicing of the insulin-like growth factor–1 gene in response to mechanical strain and damage. We conducted a study on the expression of insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants in the levator ani muscle after the first vaginal d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2005-07, Vol.193 (1), p.64-70 |
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| container_title | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology |
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| creator | Cortes, Eduardo te Fong, Lan F. Wong Hameed, Mahjabeen Harridge, Stephen Maclean, Allan Yang, Shi Yu Reid, Wendy M. Goldspink, Geoffrey |
| description | Studies in animals and human muscle have demonstrated differential splicing of the insulin-like growth factor–1 gene in response to mechanical strain and damage. We conducted a study on the expression of insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants in the levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery.
Ten women were recruited after the first vaginal delivery. Biopsy specimens were taken vaginally of the pubovisceral component of the levator ani muscle. Five nonpregnant women were recruited as control subjects. Samples were processed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, with specific primers for the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants.
Insulin-like growth factor splice variants mechano growth factor and insulin-like growth factor–1Ea were significantly up-regulated (100- and 1000-fold) in the delivery population, compared with control subjects (
P
=
.012 and .04, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated a correlation between the expression of the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants and the length of the second stage.
These results show that damaged levator ani muscle results from stretch and overload after the first vaginal delivery. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.088 |
| format | Article |
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Ten women were recruited after the first vaginal delivery. Biopsy specimens were taken vaginally of the pubovisceral component of the levator ani muscle. Five nonpregnant women were recruited as control subjects. Samples were processed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, with specific primers for the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants.
Insulin-like growth factor splice variants mechano growth factor and insulin-like growth factor–1Ea were significantly up-regulated (100- and 1000-fold) in the delivery population, compared with control subjects (
P
=
.012 and .04, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated a correlation between the expression of the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants and the length of the second stage.
These results show that damaged levator ani muscle results from stretch and overload after the first vaginal delivery.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9378</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6868</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.088</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16021060</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJOGAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anus Diseases - metabolism ; Anus Diseases - pathology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Computer Systems ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Delivery. Postpartum. Lactation ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism ; Levator ani muscle ; Medical sciences ; Muscle damage ; Muscular Diseases - metabolism ; Muscular Diseases - pathology ; Parity ; Postpartum Period - metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staining and Labeling ; Vagina</subject><ispartof>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2005-07, Vol.193 (1), p.64-70</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8b67ef93f6cdea1d6e6165c55d31d2463ec0ab69183ca559f48569bf01b4edd33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8b67ef93f6cdea1d6e6165c55d31d2463ec0ab69183ca559f48569bf01b4edd33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.088$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17058829$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16021060$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cortes, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>te Fong, Lan F. Wong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hameed, Mahjabeen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harridge, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maclean, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Shi Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reid, Wendy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldspink, Geoffrey</creatorcontrib><title>Insulin-like growth factor–1 gene splice variants as markers of muscle damage in levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery</title><title>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</title><addtitle>Am J Obstet Gynecol</addtitle><description>Studies in animals and human muscle have demonstrated differential splicing of the insulin-like growth factor–1 gene in response to mechanical strain and damage. We conducted a study on the expression of insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants in the levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery.
Ten women were recruited after the first vaginal delivery. Biopsy specimens were taken vaginally of the pubovisceral component of the levator ani muscle. Five nonpregnant women were recruited as control subjects. Samples were processed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, with specific primers for the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants.
Insulin-like growth factor splice variants mechano growth factor and insulin-like growth factor–1Ea were significantly up-regulated (100- and 1000-fold) in the delivery population, compared with control subjects (
P
=
.012 and .04, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated a correlation between the expression of the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants and the length of the second stage.
These results show that damaged levator ani muscle results from stretch and overload after the first vaginal delivery.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anus Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>Anus Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Computer Systems</subject><subject>Delivery, Obstetric</subject><subject>Delivery. Postpartum. Lactation</subject><subject>DNA, Recombinant</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunologic Techniques</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism</subject><subject>Levator ani muscle</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Muscle damage</subject><subject>Muscular Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscular Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Parity</subject><subject>Postpartum Period - metabolism</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Staining and Labeling</subject><subject>Vagina</subject><issn>0002-9378</issn><issn>1097-6868</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kLuO1DAUhi0EYoeFF6BAbqBL8CXxOBINWnFZaSUaqK0T-zjrWccZ7GTQdlS8AG_Ik5DRDNqOyjry9_865yPkJWc1Z1y93dWwm4ZaMNbUXNRM60dkw1m3rZRW-jHZMMZE1cmtviDPStkdR9GJp-SCKyY4U2xDfl2nssSQqhjukA55-jHfUg92nvKfn785HTAhLfsYLNID5ABpLhQKHSHfYS508nRcio1IHYwwIA2JRjzAmqeQwr9P8DNmOt8i9SGXea0aQoJIHcZwwHz_nDzxEAu-OL-X5NvHD1-vPlc3Xz5dX72_qazUzVzpXm3Rd9Ir6xC4U6i4am3bOsmdaJREy6BXHdfSQtt2vtGt6nrPeN-gc1Jekjen3n2evi9YZjOGYjFGSDgtxSjNJJcdX0FxAm2eSsnozT6H9eh7w5k52jc7c7RvjvYNF2a1v4ZenduXfkT3EDnrXoHXZwCKhegzJBvKA7dlrdaiW7l3Jw5XF4eA2RQbMFl0IaOdjZvC__b4C9rhpjs</recordid><startdate>20050701</startdate><enddate>20050701</enddate><creator>Cortes, Eduardo</creator><creator>te Fong, Lan F. 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Wong ; Hameed, Mahjabeen ; Harridge, Stephen ; Maclean, Allan ; Yang, Shi Yu ; Reid, Wendy M. ; Goldspink, Geoffrey</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8b67ef93f6cdea1d6e6165c55d31d2463ec0ab69183ca559f48569bf01b4edd33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anus Diseases - metabolism</topic><topic>Anus Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Computer Systems</topic><topic>Delivery, Obstetric</topic><topic>Delivery. Postpartum. Lactation</topic><topic>DNA, Recombinant</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunologic Techniques</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism</topic><topic>Levator ani muscle</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Muscle damage</topic><topic>Muscular Diseases - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscular Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Parity</topic><topic>Postpartum Period - metabolism</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Staining and Labeling</topic><topic>Vagina</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cortes, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>te Fong, Lan F. Wong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hameed, Mahjabeen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harridge, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maclean, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Shi Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reid, Wendy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldspink, Geoffrey</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cortes, Eduardo</au><au>te Fong, Lan F. Wong</au><au>Hameed, Mahjabeen</au><au>Harridge, Stephen</au><au>Maclean, Allan</au><au>Yang, Shi Yu</au><au>Reid, Wendy M.</au><au>Goldspink, Geoffrey</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Insulin-like growth factor–1 gene splice variants as markers of muscle damage in levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery</atitle><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Obstet Gynecol</addtitle><date>2005-07-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>193</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>64</spage><epage>70</epage><pages>64-70</pages><issn>0002-9378</issn><eissn>1097-6868</eissn><coden>AJOGAH</coden><abstract>Studies in animals and human muscle have demonstrated differential splicing of the insulin-like growth factor–1 gene in response to mechanical strain and damage. We conducted a study on the expression of insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants in the levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery.
Ten women were recruited after the first vaginal delivery. Biopsy specimens were taken vaginally of the pubovisceral component of the levator ani muscle. Five nonpregnant women were recruited as control subjects. Samples were processed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, with specific primers for the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants.
Insulin-like growth factor splice variants mechano growth factor and insulin-like growth factor–1Ea were significantly up-regulated (100- and 1000-fold) in the delivery population, compared with control subjects (
P
=
.012 and .04, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated a correlation between the expression of the insulin-like growth factor–1 splice variants and the length of the second stage.
These results show that damaged levator ani muscle results from stretch and overload after the first vaginal delivery.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia, PA</cop><pub>Mosby, Inc</pub><pmid>16021060</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.088</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2005-07, Vol.193 (1), p.64-70 |
| issn | 0002-9378 1097-6868 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Adult Anus Diseases - metabolism Anus Diseases - pathology Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - metabolism Case-Control Studies Computer Systems Delivery, Obstetric Delivery. Postpartum. Lactation DNA, Recombinant Female Genetic Variation Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Humans Immunologic Techniques Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism Levator ani muscle Medical sciences Muscle damage Muscular Diseases - metabolism Muscular Diseases - pathology Parity Postpartum Period - metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Staining and Labeling Vagina |
| title | Insulin-like growth factor–1 gene splice variants as markers of muscle damage in levator ani muscle after the first vaginal delivery |
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