ACEPHALINE GREGARINE PARASITES (MONOCYSTIS SP.) ARE NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AMONG THEIR LUMBRICID EARTHWORM HOSTS
The precise transmission mode(s) of acephaline gregarines in their earthworm hosts has long been questioned, yet a rigorous experimental evaluation of sexual transmission is currently lacking. That Monocystis sp., a common gregarine parasite of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, infects the sexual...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of parasitology 2006-04, Vol.92 (2), p.292-297 |
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| creator | Field, Stuart G Michiels, Nico K |
| description | The precise transmission mode(s) of acephaline gregarines in their earthworm hosts has long been questioned, yet a rigorous experimental evaluation of sexual transmission is currently lacking. That Monocystis sp., a common gregarine parasite of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, infects the sexual organs of its host is suggestive of sexual transmission. Considering the divergent evolutionary consequences of various modes of transmission, excluding or proving sexual transmission in this host– parasite system is critical to fully understanding it. We cultured uninfected earthworms from cocoons and subsequently mated them to either an infected or uninfected partner (from the wild). We then compared these individuals with an orally infected group, which were infected using a newly developed gavage (oral injection) method. Our data have unambiguously established that (1) horizontal sexual transmission does not play a significant role in the transmission of Monocystis sp., and (2) oral transmission through the soil is likely the principal mode of transmission between earthworms. This finding is important to models of mate-choice because infection avoidance does not appear to drive mating decisions. Finally, we further report a successful and relatively simple method to obtain infection-free individuals, which can subsequently be infected via oral gavage and used in empirical studies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1645/GE-643R.1 |
| format | Article |
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We cultured uninfected earthworms from cocoons and subsequently mated them to either an infected or uninfected partner (from the wild). We then compared these individuals with an orally infected group, which were infected using a newly developed gavage (oral injection) method. Our data have unambiguously established that (1) horizontal sexual transmission does not play a significant role in the transmission of Monocystis sp., and (2) oral transmission through the soil is likely the principal mode of transmission between earthworms. This finding is important to models of mate-choice because infection avoidance does not appear to drive mating decisions. 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ARE NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AMONG THEIR LUMBRICID EARTHWORM HOSTS</title><title>The Journal of parasitology</title><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><description>The precise transmission mode(s) of acephaline gregarines in their earthworm hosts has long been questioned, yet a rigorous experimental evaluation of sexual transmission is currently lacking. That Monocystis sp., a common gregarine parasite of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, infects the sexual organs of its host is suggestive of sexual transmission. Considering the divergent evolutionary consequences of various modes of transmission, excluding or proving sexual transmission in this host– parasite system is critical to fully understanding it. We cultured uninfected earthworms from cocoons and subsequently mated them to either an infected or uninfected partner (from the wild). We then compared these individuals with an orally infected group, which were infected using a newly developed gavage (oral injection) method. Our data have unambiguously established that (1) horizontal sexual transmission does not play a significant role in the transmission of Monocystis sp., and (2) oral transmission through the soil is likely the principal mode of transmission between earthworms. This finding is important to models of mate-choice because infection avoidance does not appear to drive mating decisions. Finally, we further report a successful and relatively simple method to obtain infection-free individuals, which can subsequently be infected via oral gavage and used in empirical studies.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apicomplexa - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cocoons</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Earthworms</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>General aspects and techniques. 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Models</topic><topic>Gregarines</topic><topic>Horizontal transmission</topic><topic>Host-Parasite Interactions</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Life Cycles-Survey</topic><topic>Lumbricus terrestris</topic><topic>Mate selection</topic><topic>Monocystis</topic><topic>Oligochaeta</topic><topic>Oligochaeta - parasitology</topic><topic>Oligochaeta - physiology</topic><topic>Organs</topic><topic>Parasite hosts</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitism</topic><topic>Reproduction - physiology</topic><topic>Seminal vesicles</topic><topic>Sexual transmission</topic><topic>Worms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Field, Stuart G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michiels, Nico K</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Field, Stuart G</au><au>Michiels, Nico K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>ACEPHALINE GREGARINE PARASITES (MONOCYSTIS SP.) ARE NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AMONG THEIR LUMBRICID EARTHWORM HOSTS</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><date>2006-04-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>292</spage><epage>297</epage><pages>292-297</pages><issn>0022-3395</issn><eissn>1937-2345</eissn><coden>JOPAA2</coden><abstract>The precise transmission mode(s) of acephaline gregarines in their earthworm hosts has long been questioned, yet a rigorous experimental evaluation of sexual transmission is currently lacking. That Monocystis sp., a common gregarine parasite of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, infects the sexual organs of its host is suggestive of sexual transmission. Considering the divergent evolutionary consequences of various modes of transmission, excluding or proving sexual transmission in this host– parasite system is critical to fully understanding it. We cultured uninfected earthworms from cocoons and subsequently mated them to either an infected or uninfected partner (from the wild). We then compared these individuals with an orally infected group, which were infected using a newly developed gavage (oral injection) method. Our data have unambiguously established that (1) horizontal sexual transmission does not play a significant role in the transmission of Monocystis sp., and (2) oral transmission through the soil is likely the principal mode of transmission between earthworms. This finding is important to models of mate-choice because infection avoidance does not appear to drive mating decisions. Finally, we further report a successful and relatively simple method to obtain infection-free individuals, which can subsequently be infected via oral gavage and used in empirical studies.</abstract><cop>Lawrence, KS</cop><pub>American Society of Parasitologists</pub><pmid>16729685</pmid><doi>10.1645/GE-643R.1</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Apicomplexa - physiology Biological and medical sciences Cocoons Disease transmission Divergence Earthworms Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models Gregarines Horizontal transmission Host-Parasite Interactions Hypotheses Infections Invertebrates Life Cycles-Survey Lumbricus terrestris Mate selection Monocystis Oligochaeta Oligochaeta - parasitology Oligochaeta - physiology Organs Parasite hosts Parasites Parasitism Reproduction - physiology Seminal vesicles Sexual transmission Worms |
| title | ACEPHALINE GREGARINE PARASITES (MONOCYSTIS SP.) ARE NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AMONG THEIR LUMBRICID EARTHWORM HOSTS |
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