Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory
Links have recently been established between measures of educational attainment and both verbal and visuo-spatial aspects of working memory. Relationships have also been identified between specific executive functions-shifting, updating, and inhibition-and scholastic achievement. In the present stud...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) 2006-04, Vol.59 (4), p.745-759 |
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| container_title | Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) |
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| creator | St Clair-Thompson, Helen L. Gathercole, Susan E. |
| description | Links have recently been established between measures of educational attainment and both verbal and visuo-spatial aspects of working memory. Relationships have also been identified between specific executive functions-shifting, updating, and inhibition-and scholastic achievement. In the present study, scholastic attainment, shifting, updating, inhibition, and verbal and visuo-spatial working memory were assessed in 11- and 12-year-old children. Exploratory factor analysis identified two executive factors: one associated with updating functions and one associated with inhibition. Updating abilities were closely linked with performance on both verbal and visuo-spatial working memory span tasks. Working memory was closely linked with attainment in English and mathematics, and inhibition was associated with achievement in English, mathematics, and science. Domain-specific associations existed between verbal working memory and attainment in English, and between visuo-spatial working memory and attainment in English, mathematics and science. Implications of the findings for the theoretical analysis of executive functioning, working memory and children's learning are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/17470210500162854 |
| format | Article |
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Implications of the findings for the theoretical analysis of executive functioning, working memory and children's learning are discussed.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Educational psychology</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibition (Psychology)</subject><subject>Learning. Memory</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory, Short-Term - physiology</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Paired-Associate Learning - physiology</subject><subject>Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Problem Solving - physiology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhibition (Psychology)</topic><topic>Learning. Memory</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Memory, Short-Term - physiology</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Paired-Associate Learning - physiology</topic><topic>Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Problem Solving - physiology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Pupil and student. Academic achievement and failure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>St Clair-Thompson, Helen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gathercole, Susan E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>St Clair-Thompson, Helen L.</au><au>Gathercole, Susan E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory</atitle><jtitle>Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)</jtitle><addtitle>Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)</addtitle><date>2006-04-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>745</spage><epage>759</epage><pages>745-759</pages><issn>1747-0218</issn><eissn>1747-0226</eissn><abstract>Links have recently been established between measures of educational attainment and both verbal and visuo-spatial aspects of working memory. Relationships have also been identified between specific executive functions-shifting, updating, and inhibition-and scholastic achievement. In the present study, scholastic attainment, shifting, updating, inhibition, and verbal and visuo-spatial working memory were assessed in 11- and 12-year-old children. Exploratory factor analysis identified two executive factors: one associated with updating functions and one associated with inhibition. Updating abilities were closely linked with performance on both verbal and visuo-spatial working memory span tasks. Working memory was closely linked with attainment in English and mathematics, and inhibition was associated with achievement in English, mathematics, and science. Domain-specific associations existed between verbal working memory and attainment in English, and between visuo-spatial working memory and attainment in English, mathematics and science. 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| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Child Educational psychology Educational Status Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Inhibition (Psychology) Learning. Memory Male Memory Memory, Short-Term - physiology Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data Paired-Associate Learning - physiology Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology Photic Stimulation - methods Problem Solving - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Pupil and student. Academic achievement and failure |
| title | Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory |
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