Movements of the ε-subunit during catalysis and activation in single membrane-bound H+-ATP synthase

F 0 F 1 ‐ATP synthases catalyze proton transport‐coupled ATP synthesis in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In these complexes, the ε‐subunit is involved in the catalytic reaction and the activation of the enzyme. Fluorescence‐labeled F 0 F 1 from Escherichia coli was incorporated into lipos...

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