Kinetics of cyanogen chloride destruction by chemical reduction methods
In this study, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was applied to evaluate the kinetics of cyanogen chloride (ClCN) destruction by chemical reduction methods, using thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite, ferrous ions and zero-valent iron at various concentrations and pH. The ClCN destructio...
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description | In this study, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was applied to evaluate the kinetics of cyanogen chloride (ClCN) destruction by chemical reduction methods, using thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite, ferrous ions and zero-valent iron at various concentrations and pH. The ClCN destruction followed second-order reaction kinetics in all cases of using sulfur compounds, though the second-order rate constants varied substantially from approximately 0.3–25.7
M
−1
s
−1 under different experimental conditions. The destruction of ClCN was primarily attributable to the chemical reduction pathway. Hydroxide-assisted ClCN hydrolysis was only significant at pH 9 and also when the observed reduction rate was relatively slow. The second-order rate constants achieved by sulfur(IV) compounds in the form of sulfite were found to be higher than those obtained with thiosulfate and S(IV) compounds in the form of bisulfite. Ferrous ions and zero-valent iron demonstrated slow or no ClCN reduction up to dosages of 1000
mg
L
−1 and 100
g
L
−1, respectively. These findings suggest that applying moderately high dosages of S(IV) compounds under neutral or alkali conditions with sufficient contact time is required for wastewater ClCN destruction. In addition, ClCN losses during long-term preservation with excess reducing sulfur compounds prior to analysis can be substantial and should be avoided. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.031 |
format | Article |
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M
−1
s
−1 under different experimental conditions. The destruction of ClCN was primarily attributable to the chemical reduction pathway. Hydroxide-assisted ClCN hydrolysis was only significant at pH 9 and also when the observed reduction rate was relatively slow. The second-order rate constants achieved by sulfur(IV) compounds in the form of sulfite were found to be higher than those obtained with thiosulfate and S(IV) compounds in the form of bisulfite. Ferrous ions and zero-valent iron demonstrated slow or no ClCN reduction up to dosages of 1000
mg
L
−1 and 100
g
L
−1, respectively. These findings suggest that applying moderately high dosages of S(IV) compounds under neutral or alkali conditions with sufficient contact time is required for wastewater ClCN destruction. In addition, ClCN losses during long-term preservation with excess reducing sulfur compounds prior to analysis can be substantial and should be avoided.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.031</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15893356</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WATRAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biotechnology ; chemical degradation ; Chemical reduction ; chlorides ; Cyanides - chemistry ; Cyanides - isolation & purification ; Cyanogen chloride ; Dechlorination ; drinking water ; Environment and pollution ; Exact sciences and technology ; Ferrous Compounds - chemistry ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Hydroxides - chemistry ; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects ; Iron - chemistry ; Kinetics ; mass spectrometry ; MIMS ; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pollution ; reaction kinetics ; Reducing sulfur compounds ; Sulfites - chemistry ; Thiosulfates - chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Wastes ; wastewater treatment ; water pollution ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2005-05, Vol.39 (10), p.2114-2124</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-3973c34b927404617946d5ece0de004c0e4c5c7fa6075b6177853d50abebafa83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-3973c34b927404617946d5ece0de004c0e4c5c7fa6075b6177853d50abebafa83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.031$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16883922$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15893356$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shang, Chii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Yinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xin</creatorcontrib><title>Kinetics of cyanogen chloride destruction by chemical reduction methods</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><description>In this study, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was applied to evaluate the kinetics of cyanogen chloride (ClCN) destruction by chemical reduction methods, using thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite, ferrous ions and zero-valent iron at various concentrations and pH. The ClCN destruction followed second-order reaction kinetics in all cases of using sulfur compounds, though the second-order rate constants varied substantially from approximately 0.3–25.7
M
−1
s
−1 under different experimental conditions. The destruction of ClCN was primarily attributable to the chemical reduction pathway. Hydroxide-assisted ClCN hydrolysis was only significant at pH 9 and also when the observed reduction rate was relatively slow. The second-order rate constants achieved by sulfur(IV) compounds in the form of sulfite were found to be higher than those obtained with thiosulfate and S(IV) compounds in the form of bisulfite. Ferrous ions and zero-valent iron demonstrated slow or no ClCN reduction up to dosages of 1000
mg
L
−1 and 100
g
L
−1, respectively. These findings suggest that applying moderately high dosages of S(IV) compounds under neutral or alkali conditions with sufficient contact time is required for wastewater ClCN destruction. In addition, ClCN losses during long-term preservation with excess reducing sulfur compounds prior to analysis can be substantial and should be avoided.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>chemical degradation</subject><subject>Chemical reduction</subject><subject>chlorides</subject><subject>Cyanides - chemistry</subject><subject>Cyanides - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Cyanogen chloride</subject><subject>Dechlorination</subject><subject>drinking water</subject><subject>Environment and pollution</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Ferrous Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Hydrolysis</subject><subject>Hydroxides - chemistry</subject><subject>Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects</subject><subject>Iron - chemistry</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>mass spectrometry</subject><subject>MIMS</subject><subject>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>reaction kinetics</subject><subject>Reducing sulfur compounds</subject><subject>Sulfites - chemistry</subject><subject>Thiosulfates - chemistry</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>wastewater treatment</subject><subject>water pollution</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVpaLbb_oPS-tLevBl9WdalUEKblgZyaHMWsjROtNhWKnlb9t9Hiw25NTAgGD3zMsxDyDsKOwq0udjv_tk5Yd4xALkDXoq-IBvaKl0zIdqXZAMgeE25FOfkdc57AGCM61fknMpWcy6bDbn6GSacg8tV7Ct3tFO8w6ly90NMwWPlMc_p4OYQp6o7lj6OwdmhSujX7ojzffT5DTnr7ZDx7fpuye23r78vv9fXN1c_Lr9c104yNtdcK-646DRTAkRDlRaNl-gQPJZtHaBw0qneNqBkV_5VK7mXYDvsbG9bviWfltyHFP8cynZmDNnhMNgJ4yGbRpVoJuFZkDZUt5I2z4NCCdYKXUCxgC7FnBP25iGF0aajoWBOSszeLErMSYkBXoqWsfdr_qEb0T8NrQ4K8HEFbC637ZOdXMhPXNO2XBdxW_Jh4Xobjb1Lhbn9xYByoCAU6FPS54XAYuBvwGSyCzg59CGhm42P4f-7PgII1LRz</recordid><startdate>20050501</startdate><enddate>20050501</enddate><creator>Shang, Chii</creator><creator>Qi, Yinan</creator><creator>Xie, Li</creator><creator>Liu, Wei</creator><creator>Yang, Xin</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050501</creationdate><title>Kinetics of cyanogen chloride destruction by chemical reduction methods</title><author>Shang, Chii ; Qi, Yinan ; Xie, Li ; Liu, Wei ; Yang, Xin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-3973c34b927404617946d5ece0de004c0e4c5c7fa6075b6177853d50abebafa83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>chemical degradation</topic><topic>Chemical reduction</topic><topic>chlorides</topic><topic>Cyanides - chemistry</topic><topic>Cyanides - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Cyanogen chloride</topic><topic>Dechlorination</topic><topic>drinking water</topic><topic>Environment and pollution</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Ferrous Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Hydrolysis</topic><topic>Hydroxides - chemistry</topic><topic>Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects</topic><topic>Iron - chemistry</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>mass spectrometry</topic><topic>MIMS</topic><topic>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>reaction kinetics</topic><topic>Reducing sulfur compounds</topic><topic>Sulfites - chemistry</topic><topic>Thiosulfates - chemistry</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>wastewater treatment</topic><topic>water pollution</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shang, Chii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Yinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xin</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shang, Chii</au><au>Qi, Yinan</au><au>Xie, Li</au><au>Liu, Wei</au><au>Yang, Xin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Kinetics of cyanogen chloride destruction by chemical reduction methods</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><date>2005-05-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2114</spage><epage>2124</epage><pages>2114-2124</pages><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><coden>WATRAG</coden><abstract>In this study, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was applied to evaluate the kinetics of cyanogen chloride (ClCN) destruction by chemical reduction methods, using thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite, ferrous ions and zero-valent iron at various concentrations and pH. The ClCN destruction followed second-order reaction kinetics in all cases of using sulfur compounds, though the second-order rate constants varied substantially from approximately 0.3–25.7
M
−1
s
−1 under different experimental conditions. The destruction of ClCN was primarily attributable to the chemical reduction pathway. Hydroxide-assisted ClCN hydrolysis was only significant at pH 9 and also when the observed reduction rate was relatively slow. The second-order rate constants achieved by sulfur(IV) compounds in the form of sulfite were found to be higher than those obtained with thiosulfate and S(IV) compounds in the form of bisulfite. Ferrous ions and zero-valent iron demonstrated slow or no ClCN reduction up to dosages of 1000
mg
L
−1 and 100
g
L
−1, respectively. These findings suggest that applying moderately high dosages of S(IV) compounds under neutral or alkali conditions with sufficient contact time is required for wastewater ClCN destruction. In addition, ClCN losses during long-term preservation with excess reducing sulfur compounds prior to analysis can be substantial and should be avoided.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15893356</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.031</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology chemical degradation Chemical reduction chlorides Cyanides - chemistry Cyanides - isolation & purification Cyanogen chloride Dechlorination drinking water Environment and pollution Exact sciences and technology Ferrous Compounds - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hydrolysis Hydroxides - chemistry Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Iron - chemistry Kinetics mass spectrometry MIMS Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge Oxidation-Reduction Pollution reaction kinetics Reducing sulfur compounds Sulfites - chemistry Thiosulfates - chemistry Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Wastes wastewater treatment water pollution Water treatment and pollution |
title | Kinetics of cyanogen chloride destruction by chemical reduction methods |
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