Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: an evolving epidemic
Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia‐wide between July 2004 and February 2005; r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medical journal of Australia 2006-04, Vol.184 (8), p.384-388 |
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| creator | Nimmo, Graeme R Coombs, Geoffrey W Pearson, Julie C OˈBrien, Francis G Christiansen, Keryn J Turnidge, John D Gosbell, Iain B Collignon, Peter McLaws, Mary‐Louise |
| description | Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia.
Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia‐wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002.
Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene.
Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P = 0.001). Of the three major CA‐MRSA strains, WA‐1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P = 0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P = 0.0004), and the south‐west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P = 0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA‐MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA‐1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care‐associated MRSA strains, all AUS‐2 and AUS‐3 isolates were multidrug‐resistant, and UK EMRSA‐15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA‐MRSA strains were non‐multiresistant.
Conclusions: Community‐onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA‐MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x |
| format | Article |
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Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia‐wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002.
Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene.
Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P = 0.001). Of the three major CA‐MRSA strains, WA‐1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P = 0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P = 0.0004), and the south‐west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P = 0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA‐MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA‐1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care‐associated MRSA strains, all AUS‐2 and AUS‐3 isolates were multidrug‐resistant, and UK EMRSA‐15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA‐MRSA strains were non‐multiresistant.
Conclusions: Community‐onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA‐MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-729X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1326-5377</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16618236</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MJAUAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sydney: Australasian Medical Publishing Company</publisher><subject>Abscesses ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Australia - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Community-Acquired Infections - drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology ; Cross Infection - drug therapy ; Cross Infection - epidemiology ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data ; Drug resistance ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; General aspects ; Genes ; Geography ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Laboratories ; Medical sciences ; Methicillin Resistance - genetics ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Phenotype ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus - genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus infections ; Surveillance ; Teaching hospitals</subject><ispartof>Medical journal of Australia, 2006-04, Vol.184 (8), p.384-388</ispartof><rights>2006 AMPCo Pty Ltd. All rights reserved</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Australasian Medical Publishing Company Proprietary, Ltd. Apr 17, 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4847-8a60ff184bb0ed725a847edcacb31fb5ca21952fd18230a3f4ad0758fdf5bc9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4847-8a60ff184bb0ed725a847edcacb31fb5ca21952fd18230a3f4ad0758fdf5bc9f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17730768$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16618236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nimmo, Graeme R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coombs, Geoffrey W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearson, Julie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OˈBrien, Francis G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christiansen, Keryn J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turnidge, John D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gosbell, Iain B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collignon, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaws, Mary‐Louise</creatorcontrib><title>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: an evolving epidemic</title><title>Medical journal of Australia</title><addtitle>Med J Aust</addtitle><description>Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia.
Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia‐wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002.
Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene.
Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P = 0.001). Of the three major CA‐MRSA strains, WA‐1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P = 0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P = 0.0004), and the south‐west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P = 0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA‐MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA‐1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care‐associated MRSA strains, all AUS‐2 and AUS‐3 isolates were multidrug‐resistant, and UK EMRSA‐15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA‐MRSA strains were non‐multiresistant.
Conclusions: Community‐onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA‐MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.</description><subject>Abscesses</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - drug therapy</subject><subject>Cross Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methicillin Resistance - genetics</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Staphylococcus infections</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Teaching hospitals</subject><issn>0025-729X</issn><issn>1326-5377</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkc1u3CAUhVHUKplO-wqRFanZ2eXHgCe7UZT-KVEXSaXuEMaQYYTxFHCS2fUR-ox9kuKO1UjddXW5l-_C0TkAnCFYUbaq320rRDArKeG8whCyKrUQ4oZXT0dg8ffqBVjkKS05Xn07Aa9i3OYWUcyPwQliDDWYsAUQNzptrLLOWf_rx8-go41J-lTcJrnb7N2gBqXGWMgx6FysL9JGF-sxpiCdlb5QQ9-P3qb9RZE7_TC4B-vvC72zne6teg1eGumifjPXJfj6_uru8mN5_eXDp8v1danqpuZlIxk0BjV120LdcUxlnupOSdUSZFqqJEYrik03yYaSmFp2kNPGdIa2amXIEpwf3t2F4fuoYxK9jUo7J70exigYbxjleXkJzv4Bt8MYfNYmMKEcIcxIhi4OkApDjEEbsQu2l2EvEBRTBmIrJqPFZLSYMhBzBuIpL5_OP4xtr7vn1dn0DLydARmVdCZIr2x85jgnkLMmc-sD92id3v-HBHHzeY3_nMlvx0infQ</recordid><startdate>20060417</startdate><enddate>20060417</enddate><creator>Nimmo, Graeme R</creator><creator>Coombs, Geoffrey W</creator><creator>Pearson, Julie C</creator><creator>OˈBrien, Francis G</creator><creator>Christiansen, Keryn J</creator><creator>Turnidge, John D</creator><creator>Gosbell, Iain B</creator><creator>Collignon, Peter</creator><creator>McLaws, Mary‐Louise</creator><general>Australasian Medical Publishing Company</general><general>Australasian Medical Publishing Company Proprietary, Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060417</creationdate><title>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: an evolving epidemic</title><author>Nimmo, Graeme R ; Coombs, Geoffrey W ; Pearson, Julie C ; OˈBrien, Francis G ; Christiansen, Keryn J ; Turnidge, John D ; Gosbell, Iain B ; Collignon, Peter ; McLaws, Mary‐Louise</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4847-8a60ff184bb0ed725a847edcacb31fb5ca21952fd18230a3f4ad0758fdf5bc9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Abscesses</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Australia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - drug therapy</topic><topic>Cross Infection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methicillin Resistance - genetics</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Staphylococcus infections</topic><topic>Surveillance</topic><topic>Teaching hospitals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nimmo, Graeme R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coombs, Geoffrey W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearson, Julie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OˈBrien, Francis G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christiansen, Keryn J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turnidge, John D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gosbell, Iain B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collignon, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaws, Mary‐Louise</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medical journal of Australia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nimmo, Graeme R</au><au>Coombs, Geoffrey W</au><au>Pearson, Julie C</au><au>OˈBrien, Francis G</au><au>Christiansen, Keryn J</au><au>Turnidge, John D</au><au>Gosbell, Iain B</au><au>Collignon, Peter</au><au>McLaws, Mary‐Louise</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: an evolving epidemic</atitle><jtitle>Medical journal of Australia</jtitle><addtitle>Med J Aust</addtitle><date>2006-04-17</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>184</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>384</spage><epage>388</epage><pages>384-388</pages><issn>0025-729X</issn><eissn>1326-5377</eissn><coden>MJAUAJ</coden><abstract>Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia.
Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia‐wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002.
Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene.
Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P = 0.001). Of the three major CA‐MRSA strains, WA‐1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P = 0.89), while the Queensland (QLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P = 0.0004), and the south‐west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P = 0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA‐MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA‐1, 56/58 (97%) of QLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care‐associated MRSA strains, all AUS‐2 and AUS‐3 isolates were multidrug‐resistant, and UK EMRSA‐15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA‐MRSA strains were non‐multiresistant.
Conclusions: Community‐onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA‐MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.</abstract><cop>Sydney</cop><pub>Australasian Medical Publishing Company</pub><pmid>16618236</pmid><doi>10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00287.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Medical journal of Australia, 2006-04, Vol.184 (8), p.384-388 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Abscesses Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Australia - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Community-Acquired Infections - drug therapy Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology Cross Infection - drug therapy Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - microbiology Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Drug resistance Epidemics Epidemiology General aspects Genes Geography Health Surveys Humans Infectious diseases Laboratories Medical sciences Methicillin Resistance - genetics Microbiology Miscellaneous Phenotype Pneumonia Polymerase chain reaction Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification Staphylococcus infections Surveillance Teaching hospitals |
| title | Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: an evolving epidemic |
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