Electrocardiographic characteristics in low atrial septum pacing

The aim of the study was to compare P-wave morphology and duration in pacing from the low right atrial septal wall and the high right atrial appendage (RAA). The electrocardiogram (ECG) of 50 patients with low atrial septum (LAS) pacing and that of 50 patients with RAA pacing were compared with their electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm. In the frontal plane, patients with LAS pacing showed a superior P-wave axis between −60° and −90°. In all patients with RAA pacing, a P-wave axis between 0° and +90° was observed as in sinus rhythm. In the horizontal plane, all patients with LAS pacing had an anterior P-wave axis between +90° and +210°, whereas all patients with RAA pacing had a posterior P-wave axis between −30° and −90°. The terminal part of biphasic P waves in lead V 1 in LAS pacing was always positive, a pattern that was never observed in P waves of sinus origin or in RAA pacing. P-wave duration was longer with RAA pacing compared with LAS pacing (115 ± 19 vs 80 ± 14 milliseconds [ P < .01]). The total atrial activation time during LAS pacing is shorter than that during RAA pacing. The electrical atrial activation sequences in LAS pacing and RAA pacing are significantly different. The morphology of biphasic P waves in lead V 1 during LAS pacing suggests that the initial part of activation occurs in the left atrium and the terminal part in the right atrium.