Age-related alteration of vitamin D metabolism in response to low-phosphate diet in rats
The responses of renal vitamin D metabolism to its major stimuli alter with age. Previous studies showed that the increase in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) as well as renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity in response to dietary Ca or P restriction reduced...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of nutrition 2005-03, Vol.93 (3), p.299-307 |
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| creator | Chau, Tsui-Shan Lai, Wan-Ping Cheung, Pik-Yuen Favus, Murray J. Wong, Man-Sau |
| description | The responses of renal vitamin D metabolism to its major stimuli alter with age. Previous studies showed that the increase in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) as well as renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity in response to dietary Ca or P restriction reduced with age in rats. We hypothesized that the mechanism involved in increasing circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 in response to mineral deficiency alters with age. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis by studying the expression of genes involved in renal vitamin D metabolism (renal 1-OHase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) and vitamin D receptor (VDR)) in young (1-month-old) and adult (6-month-old) rats in response to low-phosphate diet (LPD). As expected, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 increased in both young and adult rats upon LPD treatment and the increase was much higher in younger rats. In young rats, LPD treatment decreased renal 24-OHase (days 1–7, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1079/BJN20041325 |
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Previous studies showed that the increase in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) as well as renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity in response to dietary Ca or P restriction reduced with age in rats. We hypothesized that the mechanism involved in increasing circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 in response to mineral deficiency alters with age. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis by studying the expression of genes involved in renal vitamin D metabolism (renal 1-OHase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) and vitamin D receptor (VDR)) in young (1-month-old) and adult (6-month-old) rats in response to low-phosphate diet (LPD). As expected, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 increased in both young and adult rats upon LPD treatment and the increase was much higher in younger rats. In young rats, LPD treatment decreased renal 24-OHase (days 1–7, P<0·01) and increased renal 1-OHase mRNA expression (days 1–5, P<0·01). LPD treatment failed to increase renal 1-OHase but did suppress 24-OHase mRNA expression (P<0·01) within 7 d of LPD treatment in adult rats. Renal expression of VDR mRNA decreased with age (P<0·001) and was suppressed by LPD treatment in both age groups (P<0·05) Feeding of adult rats with 10 d of LPD increased 1-OHase (P<0·05) and suppressed 24-OHase (P<0·001) as well as VDR (P<0·05) mRNA expression. These results indicate that the increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level in adult rats during short-term LPD treatment is likely to be mediated by a decrease in metabolic clearance via the down-regulation of both renal 24-OHase and VDR expression. The induction of renal 1-OHase mRNA expression in adult rats requires longer duration of LPD treatment than in younger rats.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1145</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2662</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1079/BJN20041325</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15877868</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJNUAV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>1-alpha hydroxylase ; 24 hydroxylase ; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 24 hydroxylase ; adult animals ; Adult rats ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aging - genetics ; Aging - metabolism ; animal models ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Calcium - blood ; cholecalciferol ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism ; Diet ; Down-Regulation ; enzyme activity ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Growth hormones ; Hypotheses ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Kidney - metabolism ; Low-phosphate diet ; Male ; messenger RNA ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Nutrition research ; nutrition-genotype interaction ; phosphates ; Phosphates - administration & dosage ; Phosphates - blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics ; Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; senescence ; Steroid Hydroxylases - genetics ; Steroid Hydroxylases - metabolism ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D - metabolism ; Vitamin D receptor ; vitamin D receptors ; vitamin D-binding protein ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase ; vitamin deficiencies ; vitamin metabolism ; Weight Gain ; young animals</subject><ispartof>British journal of nutrition, 2005-03, Vol.93 (3), p.299-307</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>The Nutrition Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-df40b7d0614060bb6f5f35039afb2bb43da7b591bdfaa03e45291cc87343135e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-df40b7d0614060bb6f5f35039afb2bb43da7b591bdfaa03e45291cc87343135e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16797360$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15877868$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chau, Tsui-Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Wan-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Pik-Yuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favus, Murray J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Man-Sau</creatorcontrib><title>Age-related alteration of vitamin D metabolism in response to low-phosphate diet in rats</title><title>British journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>Br J Nutr</addtitle><description><![CDATA[The responses of renal vitamin D metabolism to its major stimuli alter with age. Previous studies showed that the increase in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) as well as renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity in response to dietary Ca or P restriction reduced with age in rats. We hypothesized that the mechanism involved in increasing circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 in response to mineral deficiency alters with age. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis by studying the expression of genes involved in renal vitamin D metabolism (renal 1-OHase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) and vitamin D receptor (VDR)) in young (1-month-old) and adult (6-month-old) rats in response to low-phosphate diet (LPD). As expected, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 increased in both young and adult rats upon LPD treatment and the increase was much higher in younger rats. In young rats, LPD treatment decreased renal 24-OHase (days 1–7, P<0·01) and increased renal 1-OHase mRNA expression (days 1–5, P<0·01). LPD treatment failed to increase renal 1-OHase but did suppress 24-OHase mRNA expression (P<0·01) within 7 d of LPD treatment in adult rats. Renal expression of VDR mRNA decreased with age (P<0·001) and was suppressed by LPD treatment in both age groups (P<0·05) Feeding of adult rats with 10 d of LPD increased 1-OHase (P<0·05) and suppressed 24-OHase (P<0·001) as well as VDR (P<0·05) mRNA expression. These results indicate that the increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level in adult rats during short-term LPD treatment is likely to be mediated by a decrease in metabolic clearance via the down-regulation of both renal 24-OHase and VDR expression. The induction of renal 1-OHase mRNA expression in adult rats requires longer duration of LPD treatment than in younger rats.]]></description><subject>1-alpha hydroxylase</subject><subject>24 hydroxylase</subject><subject>25-hydroxycholecalciferol</subject><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase</subject><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 24 hydroxylase</subject><subject>adult animals</subject><subject>Adult rats</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aging - genetics</subject><subject>Aging - metabolism</subject><subject>animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Calcium - blood</subject><subject>cholecalciferol</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Down-Regulation</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Growth hormones</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Insulin-like growth factors</subject><subject>Kidney - metabolism</subject><subject>Low-phosphate diet</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>messenger RNA</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>nutrition-genotype interaction</subject><subject>phosphates</subject><subject>Phosphates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Phosphates - blood</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>senescence</subject><subject>Steroid Hydroxylases - genetics</subject><subject>Steroid Hydroxylases - metabolism</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D - metabolism</subject><subject>Vitamin D receptor</subject><subject>vitamin D receptors</subject><subject>vitamin D-binding protein</subject><subject>Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase</subject><subject>vitamin deficiencies</subject><subject>vitamin metabolism</subject><subject>Weight Gain</subject><subject>young animals</subject><issn>0007-1145</issn><issn>1475-2662</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0E1v1DAQBmALgeiycOIOERJcUGAcfyXHUqCAShFii7hZ48TeuiTxYnv5-PcYdsUixMka-dGrmZeQuxSeUFDd02dvzhsATlkjrpEF5UrUjZTNdbIAAFVTysURuZXSVRlbCt1NckRFq1Qr2wX5dLy2dbQjZjtUOGYbMfswV8FVX33Gyc_V82qyGU0YfZqqMkebNmFOtsqhGsO3enMZ0uayBFSDt_m3wJxukxsOx2Tv7N8luXj5YnXyqj57d_r65Pis7gVXuR4cB6MGkJSDBGOkE44JYB060xjD2YDKiI6awSECs1w0He37VjHOKBOWLcmjXe4mhi9bm7KefOrtOOJswzZpqVpgvJUFPvgHXoVtnMtuuqGsZawrkUvyeIf6GFKK1ulN9BPGH5qC_tW2_qvtou_tI7dmssPB7ust4OEeYOpxdBHn3qeDk6pTTEJx9c75lO33P_8YP5f9mRJanr7X7Yq_ZR_PqV4Vf3_nHQaN61gyLz40QBlQgNKePCT2OJnoh7U9nPu_U34C3dCsHg</recordid><startdate>20050301</startdate><enddate>20050301</enddate><creator>Chau, Tsui-Shan</creator><creator>Lai, Wan-Ping</creator><creator>Cheung, Pik-Yuen</creator><creator>Favus, Murray J.</creator><creator>Wong, Man-Sau</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050301</creationdate><title>Age-related alteration of vitamin D metabolism in response to low-phosphate diet in rats</title><author>Chau, Tsui-Shan ; Lai, Wan-Ping ; Cheung, Pik-Yuen ; Favus, Murray J. ; Wong, Man-Sau</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-df40b7d0614060bb6f5f35039afb2bb43da7b591bdfaa03e45291cc87343135e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>1-alpha hydroxylase</topic><topic>24 hydroxylase</topic><topic>25-hydroxycholecalciferol</topic><topic>25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase</topic><topic>25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 24 hydroxylase</topic><topic>adult animals</topic><topic>Adult rats</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aging - genetics</topic><topic>Aging - metabolism</topic><topic>animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Calcium - blood</topic><topic>cholecalciferol</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Down-Regulation</topic><topic>enzyme activity</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Growth hormones</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Insulin-like growth factors</topic><topic>Kidney - metabolism</topic><topic>Low-phosphate diet</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>messenger RNA</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>nutrition-genotype interaction</topic><topic>phosphates</topic><topic>Phosphates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Phosphates - blood</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>senescence</topic><topic>Steroid Hydroxylases - genetics</topic><topic>Steroid Hydroxylases - metabolism</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D - metabolism</topic><topic>Vitamin D receptor</topic><topic>vitamin D receptors</topic><topic>vitamin D-binding protein</topic><topic>Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase</topic><topic>vitamin deficiencies</topic><topic>vitamin metabolism</topic><topic>Weight Gain</topic><topic>young animals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chau, Tsui-Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Wan-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Pik-Yuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favus, Murray J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Man-Sau</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>British journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chau, Tsui-Shan</au><au>Lai, Wan-Ping</au><au>Cheung, Pik-Yuen</au><au>Favus, Murray J.</au><au>Wong, Man-Sau</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Age-related alteration of vitamin D metabolism in response to low-phosphate diet in rats</atitle><jtitle>British journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Nutr</addtitle><date>2005-03-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>299</spage><epage>307</epage><pages>299-307</pages><issn>0007-1145</issn><eissn>1475-2662</eissn><coden>BJNUAV</coden><abstract><![CDATA[The responses of renal vitamin D metabolism to its major stimuli alter with age. Previous studies showed that the increase in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) as well as renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity in response to dietary Ca or P restriction reduced with age in rats. We hypothesized that the mechanism involved in increasing circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 in response to mineral deficiency alters with age. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis by studying the expression of genes involved in renal vitamin D metabolism (renal 1-OHase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) and vitamin D receptor (VDR)) in young (1-month-old) and adult (6-month-old) rats in response to low-phosphate diet (LPD). As expected, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 increased in both young and adult rats upon LPD treatment and the increase was much higher in younger rats. In young rats, LPD treatment decreased renal 24-OHase (days 1–7, P<0·01) and increased renal 1-OHase mRNA expression (days 1–5, P<0·01). LPD treatment failed to increase renal 1-OHase but did suppress 24-OHase mRNA expression (P<0·01) within 7 d of LPD treatment in adult rats. Renal expression of VDR mRNA decreased with age (P<0·001) and was suppressed by LPD treatment in both age groups (P<0·05) Feeding of adult rats with 10 d of LPD increased 1-OHase (P<0·05) and suppressed 24-OHase (P<0·001) as well as VDR (P<0·05) mRNA expression. These results indicate that the increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level in adult rats during short-term LPD treatment is likely to be mediated by a decrease in metabolic clearance via the down-regulation of both renal 24-OHase and VDR expression. The induction of renal 1-OHase mRNA expression in adult rats requires longer duration of LPD treatment than in younger rats.]]></abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>15877868</pmid><doi>10.1079/BJN20041325</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | British journal of nutrition, 2005-03, Vol.93 (3), p.299-307 |
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| subjects | 1-alpha hydroxylase 24 hydroxylase 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α hydroxylase 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 24 hydroxylase adult animals Adult rats Age Age Factors Aging - genetics Aging - metabolism animal models Animals Biological and medical sciences Biosynthesis Calcium - blood cholecalciferol Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism Diet Down-Regulation enzyme activity Feeding. Feeding behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Growth hormones Hypotheses Insulin-like growth factors Kidney - metabolism Low-phosphate diet Male messenger RNA Metabolism Metabolites Nutrition research nutrition-genotype interaction phosphates Phosphates - administration & dosage Phosphates - blood Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism RNA, Messenger - genetics senescence Steroid Hydroxylases - genetics Steroid Hydroxylases - metabolism Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vitamin D Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - metabolism Vitamin D receptor vitamin D receptors vitamin D-binding protein Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase vitamin deficiencies vitamin metabolism Weight Gain young animals |
| title | Age-related alteration of vitamin D metabolism in response to low-phosphate diet in rats |
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