Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

The Mediterranean Diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies, the majority being observational. The application of evidence-based medicine to the area of public health nutrition involves the necessity of developing clinical trials and systematic re...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nutrition reviews 2006-02, Vol.64 (2), p.S27-S47
Hauptverfasser: Serra-Majem, L, Roman, B, Estruch, R
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description The Mediterranean Diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies, the majority being observational. The application of evidence-based medicine to the area of public health nutrition involves the necessity of developing clinical trials and systematic reviews to develop sound recommendations. The purpose of this study was to analyze and review the experimental studies on Mediterranean diet and disease prevention. A systematic review was made and a total of 43 articles corresponding to 35 different experimental studies were selected. Results were analyzed for the effects of the Mediterranean diet on lipoproteins, endothelial resistance, diabetes and antioxidative capacity, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, cancer, body composition, and psychological function. The Mediterranean diet showed favorable effects on lipoprotein levels, endothelium vasodilatation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, antioxidant capacity, myocardial and cardiovascular mortality, and cancer incidence in obese patients and in those with previous myocardial infarction. Results disclose the mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in disease prevention, particularly in cardiovascular disease secondary prevention, but also emphasize the need to undertake experimental research and systematic reviews in the areas of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, infectious diseases, age-related cognitive impairment, and cancer, among others. Interventions should use food scores or patterns to ascertain adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Further experimental research is needed to corroborate the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and the underlying mechanisms, and in this sense the methodology of the ongoing PREDIMED study is explained.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00232.x
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subjects Biological and medical sciences
Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Chronic Disease - therapy
clinical trails
Clinical trials
Diet
Diet, Mediterranean
dietary interventions
disease prevention
epidemiological studies
Evidence-Based Medicine
evidence-based nutrition
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
health promotion
human health
human nutrition
Humans
Intervention
Longevity
Male
Mediterranean diet
Nutrition
Obesity - complications
Obesity - diet therapy
Obesity - prevention & control
Prevention
Public Health
Risk Factors
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
title Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review
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