Hippocampal synthesis of estrogens and androgens which are paracrine modulators of synaptic plasticity: Synaptocrinology

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons and granule neurons of adult male rats are equipped with a complete machinery for the synthesis of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol. Both estrogens and androgens are synthesized in male hippocampus. These brain st...

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Veröffentlicht in:Neuroscience 2006-01, Vol.138 (3), p.757-764
Hauptverfasser: Mukai, H., Takata, N., Ishii, H.-t., Tanabe, N., Hojo, Y., Furukawa, A., Kimoto, T., Kawato, S.
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container_end_page 764
container_issue 3
container_start_page 757
container_title Neuroscience
container_volume 138
creator Mukai, H.
Takata, N.
Ishii, H.-t.
Tanabe, N.
Hojo, Y.
Furukawa, A.
Kimoto, T.
Kawato, S.
description Hippocampal pyramidal neurons and granule neurons of adult male rats are equipped with a complete machinery for the synthesis of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol. Both estrogens and androgens are synthesized in male hippocampus. These brain steroids are synthesized by cytochrome P450s (P450scc, P45017α and P450arom), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and reductases from endogenous cholesterol. The expression levels of enzymes are as low as 1/300–1/1000 of those in endocrine organs. Synthesis is dependent on the acute Ca 2+ influx upon neuron–neuron communication via NMDA receptors. Estradiol is particularly important because estradiol rapidly modulates neuronal synaptic transmission such as long-term potentiation via synaptic estrogen receptors. Xenoestrogens may also act via estrogen-driven signaling pathways.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.09.010
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subjects Androgens - biosynthesis
Androgens - physiology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - metabolism
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism
endocrine disrupter
estradiol
Estrogens - biosynthesis
Estrogens - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
hippocampus
Hippocampus - metabolism
Humans
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurons - physiology
neurosteroid
P450
Rats
Synapses - physiology
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
title Hippocampal synthesis of estrogens and androgens which are paracrine modulators of synaptic plasticity: Synaptocrinology
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