Clinical microneedle injection of methyl nicotinate: stratum corneum penetration

Background/purpose: In recent years, microneedles were proposed as a method to painlessly deliver drugs past the stratum corneum. Microneedles have been fabricated in several designs, but limited studies have tested microneedle injections in humans. In this work, we compare microneedle injections wi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Skin research and technology 2005-05, Vol.11 (2), p.152-156
Hauptverfasser:	Sivamani, Raja K., Stoeber, Boris, Wu, Gabriel C., Zhai, Hongbo, Liepmann, Dorian, Maibach, Howard
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects clinical Epidermis - drug effects Epidermis - physiology Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Female Humans in vivo Male Microinjections - instrumentation Microinjections - methods microneedle Miniaturization Needles nicotinate Nicotinic Acids - administration & dosage Physical Stimulation - methods skin Skin - blood supply Skin Absorption - drug effects Skin Absorption - physiology Stress, Mechanical
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