Adamantane Resistance Among Influenza A Viruses Isolated Early During the 2005-2006 Influenza Season in the United States

CONTEXT The adamantanes, amantadine and rimantadine, have been used as first-choice antiviral drugs against community outbreaks of influenza A viruses for many years. Rates of viruses resistant to these drugs have been increasing globally. Rapid surveillance for the emergence and spread of resistant...

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Veröffentlicht in:JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2006-02, Vol.295 (8), p.891-894
Hauptverfasser: Bright, Rick A, Shay, David K, Shu, Bo, Cox, Nancy J, Klimov, Alexander I
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container_end_page 894
container_issue 8
container_start_page 891
container_title JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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creator Bright, Rick A
Shay, David K
Shu, Bo
Cox, Nancy J
Klimov, Alexander I
description CONTEXT The adamantanes, amantadine and rimantadine, have been used as first-choice antiviral drugs against community outbreaks of influenza A viruses for many years. Rates of viruses resistant to these drugs have been increasing globally. Rapid surveillance for the emergence and spread of resistant viruses has become critical for appropriate treatment of patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses circulating in the United States during the initial months of the 2005-2006 influenza season. DESIGN AND SETTING Influenza isolates collected from 26 states from October 1 through December 31, 2005, and submitted to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were tested for drug resistance as part of ongoing surveillance. Isolates were submitted from World Health Organization collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System laboratories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using pyrosequencing and confirmatory assays, we identified viruses containing mutations within the M2 gene that are known to confer resistance to both amantadine and rimantadine. RESULTS A total of 209 influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated from patients in 26 states were screened, of which 193 (92.3%) contained a change at amino acid 31 (serine to asparagine [S31N]) in the M2 gene known to be correlated with adamantane resistance. Two of 8 influenza A(H1N1) viruses contained the same mutation. Drug-resistant viruses were distributed across the United States. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of influenza A viruses currently circulating in the United States demonstrating adamantane resistance highlights the clinical importance of rapid surveillance for antiviral resistance. Our results indicate that these drugs should not be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in the United States until susceptibility to adamantanes has been reestablished among circulating influenza A isolates.Published online February 2, 2006 (doi:10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020).
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Rates of viruses resistant to these drugs have been increasing globally. Rapid surveillance for the emergence and spread of resistant viruses has become critical for appropriate treatment of patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses circulating in the United States during the initial months of the 2005-2006 influenza season. DESIGN AND SETTING Influenza isolates collected from 26 states from October 1 through December 31, 2005, and submitted to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were tested for drug resistance as part of ongoing surveillance. Isolates were submitted from World Health Organization collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System laboratories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using pyrosequencing and confirmatory assays, we identified viruses containing mutations within the M2 gene that are known to confer resistance to both amantadine and rimantadine. RESULTS A total of 209 influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated from patients in 26 states were screened, of which 193 (92.3%) contained a change at amino acid 31 (serine to asparagine [S31N]) in the M2 gene known to be correlated with adamantane resistance. Two of 8 influenza A(H1N1) viruses contained the same mutation. Drug-resistant viruses were distributed across the United States. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of influenza A viruses currently circulating in the United States demonstrating adamantane resistance highlights the clinical importance of rapid surveillance for antiviral resistance. Our results indicate that these drugs should not be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in the United States until susceptibility to adamantanes has been reestablished among circulating influenza A isolates.Published online February 2, 2006 (doi:10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0098-7484</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-3598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16456087</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAMAAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Adamantane - pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Assay ; Data analysis ; Disease control ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics ; General aspects ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Influenza ; Influenza A virus - drug effects ; Influenza A virus - genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - drug effects ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza virus ; Influenza, Human - drug therapy ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous ; Mutation ; Public health. 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Rates of viruses resistant to these drugs have been increasing globally. Rapid surveillance for the emergence and spread of resistant viruses has become critical for appropriate treatment of patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses circulating in the United States during the initial months of the 2005-2006 influenza season. DESIGN AND SETTING Influenza isolates collected from 26 states from October 1 through December 31, 2005, and submitted to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were tested for drug resistance as part of ongoing surveillance. Isolates were submitted from World Health Organization collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System laboratories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using pyrosequencing and confirmatory assays, we identified viruses containing mutations within the M2 gene that are known to confer resistance to both amantadine and rimantadine. RESULTS A total of 209 influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated from patients in 26 states were screened, of which 193 (92.3%) contained a change at amino acid 31 (serine to asparagine [S31N]) in the M2 gene known to be correlated with adamantane resistance. Two of 8 influenza A(H1N1) viruses contained the same mutation. Drug-resistant viruses were distributed across the United States. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of influenza A viruses currently circulating in the United States demonstrating adamantane resistance highlights the clinical importance of rapid surveillance for antiviral resistance. Our results indicate that these drugs should not be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in the United States until susceptibility to adamantanes has been reestablished among circulating influenza A isolates.Published online February 2, 2006 (doi:10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020).</description><subject>Adamantane - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Assay</subject><subject>Data analysis</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A virus - drug effects</subject><subject>Influenza A virus - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - drug effects</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza virus</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - drug therapy</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Public health. 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Rates of viruses resistant to these drugs have been increasing globally. Rapid surveillance for the emergence and spread of resistant viruses has become critical for appropriate treatment of patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses circulating in the United States during the initial months of the 2005-2006 influenza season. DESIGN AND SETTING Influenza isolates collected from 26 states from October 1 through December 31, 2005, and submitted to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were tested for drug resistance as part of ongoing surveillance. Isolates were submitted from World Health Organization collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System laboratories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using pyrosequencing and confirmatory assays, we identified viruses containing mutations within the M2 gene that are known to confer resistance to both amantadine and rimantadine. RESULTS A total of 209 influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated from patients in 26 states were screened, of which 193 (92.3%) contained a change at amino acid 31 (serine to asparagine [S31N]) in the M2 gene known to be correlated with adamantane resistance. Two of 8 influenza A(H1N1) viruses contained the same mutation. Drug-resistant viruses were distributed across the United States. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of influenza A viruses currently circulating in the United States demonstrating adamantane resistance highlights the clinical importance of rapid surveillance for antiviral resistance. Our results indicate that these drugs should not be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in the United States until susceptibility to adamantanes has been reestablished among circulating influenza A isolates.Published online February 2, 2006 (doi:10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020).</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>16456087</pmid><doi>10.1001/jama.295.8.joc60020</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adamantane - pharmacology
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Assay
Data analysis
Disease control
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics
General aspects
Humans
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Influenza A virus - drug effects
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - drug effects
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics
Influenza virus
Influenza, Human - drug therapy
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Mutation
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Seasons
Sequence Analysis
United States
Viral Matrix Proteins - genetics
Viruses
title Adamantane Resistance Among Influenza A Viruses Isolated Early During the 2005-2006 Influenza Season in the United States
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