Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this is...
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Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of primatology 2006-03, Vol.68 (3), p.245-256 |
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description | Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were collected from healthy chimpanzees (n=128) of both sexes and various ages during their routine annual physical examinations over a 7‐year period. Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 68:245–256, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were collected from healthy chimpanzees (n=128) of both sexes and various ages during their routine annual physical examinations over a 7‐year period. Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 68:245–256, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0275-2565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-2345</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20148</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16477594</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPTDU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>acute stress response ; Anesthesia - methods ; Animal ethology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Glucose ; blood serum chemistry ; chimpanzees ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hematocrit ; hematology ; Male ; Mammalia ; Neutrophils - metabolism ; Pan troglodytes ; Pan troglodytes - blood ; Pan troglodytes - physiology ; Pan troglodytes - psychology ; positive reinforcement training ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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J. Primatol</addtitle><description>Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were collected from healthy chimpanzees (n=128) of both sexes and various ages during their routine annual physical examinations over a 7‐year period. Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 68:245–256, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>acute stress response</subject><subject>Anesthesia - methods</subject><subject>Animal ethology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Cell Count</subject><subject>Blood Glucose</subject><subject>blood serum chemistry</subject><subject>chimpanzees</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hematocrit</subject><subject>hematology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mammalia</subject><subject>Neutrophils - metabolism</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - blood</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - physiology</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - psychology</subject><subject>positive reinforcement training</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Hematocrit</topic><topic>hematology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mammalia</topic><topic>Neutrophils - metabolism</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes - blood</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes - physiology</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes - psychology</topic><topic>positive reinforcement training</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Reinforcement (Psychology)</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lambeth, Susan P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hau, Jann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perlman, Jaine E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martino, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schapiro, Steven J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of primatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lambeth, Susan P.</au><au>Hau, Jann</au><au>Perlman, Jaine E.</au><au>Martino, Michele</au><au>Schapiro, Steven J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)</atitle><jtitle>American journal of primatology</jtitle><addtitle>Am. 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Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. 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subjects | acute stress response Anesthesia - methods Animal ethology Animals Behavior, Animal Biological and medical sciences Blood Cell Count Blood Glucose blood serum chemistry chimpanzees Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hematocrit hematology Male Mammalia Neutrophils - metabolism Pan troglodytes Pan troglodytes - blood Pan troglodytes - physiology Pan troglodytes - psychology positive reinforcement training Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Reinforcement (Psychology) Stress, Psychological Vertebrata |
title | Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
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