Functional regeneration of the olfactory bulb requires reconnection to the olfactory nerve in Xenopus larvae
Larvae of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) can regenerate the telencephalon, which consists of the olfactory bulb and the cerebrum, after it has been partially removed. Some authors have argued that the telencephalon, once removed, must be reconnected to the olfactory nerve in order to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Development, growth & differentiation growth & differentiation, 2006-01, Vol.48 (1), p.15-24 |
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| description | Larvae of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) can regenerate the telencephalon, which consists of the olfactory bulb and the cerebrum, after it has been partially removed. Some authors have argued that the telencephalon, once removed, must be reconnected to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate. However, considerable regeneration has been observed before reconnection. Therefore, we have conducted several experiments to learn whether or not reconnection is a prerequisite for regeneration. We found that the olfactory bulb did not regenerate without reconnection, while the cerebrum regenerated by itself. On the other hand, when the brain was reconnected by the olfactory nerve, both the cerebrum and the olfactory bulb regenerated. Morphological and histological investigation showed that the regenerated telencephalon was identical to the intact one in morphology, types and distributions of cells, and connections between neurons. Froglets with a regenerated telencephalon also recovered olfaction, the primary function of the frog telencephalon. These results suggest that the Xenopus larva requires reconnection of the regenerating brain to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate the olfactory bulb, and thus the regenerated brain functions, in order to process olfactory information. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2006.00840.x |
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Some authors have argued that the telencephalon, once removed, must be reconnected to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate. However, considerable regeneration has been observed before reconnection. Therefore, we have conducted several experiments to learn whether or not reconnection is a prerequisite for regeneration. We found that the olfactory bulb did not regenerate without reconnection, while the cerebrum regenerated by itself. On the other hand, when the brain was reconnected by the olfactory nerve, both the cerebrum and the olfactory bulb regenerated. Morphological and histological investigation showed that the regenerated telencephalon was identical to the intact one in morphology, types and distributions of cells, and connections between neurons. Froglets with a regenerated telencephalon also recovered olfaction, the primary function of the frog telencephalon. 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Some authors have argued that the telencephalon, once removed, must be reconnected to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate. However, considerable regeneration has been observed before reconnection. Therefore, we have conducted several experiments to learn whether or not reconnection is a prerequisite for regeneration. We found that the olfactory bulb did not regenerate without reconnection, while the cerebrum regenerated by itself. On the other hand, when the brain was reconnected by the olfactory nerve, both the cerebrum and the olfactory bulb regenerated. Morphological and histological investigation showed that the regenerated telencephalon was identical to the intact one in morphology, types and distributions of cells, and connections between neurons. Froglets with a regenerated telencephalon also recovered olfaction, the primary function of the frog telencephalon. These results suggest that the Xenopus larva requires reconnection of the regenerating brain to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate the olfactory bulb, and thus the regenerated brain functions, in order to process olfactory information.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens - analysis</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>brain</subject><subject>functional regeneration</subject><subject>Larva - physiology</subject><subject>Nerve Regeneration</subject><subject>olfactory bulb</subject><subject>Olfactory Bulb - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Olfactory Bulb - drug effects</subject><subject>Olfactory Bulb - physiology</subject><subject>olfactory nerve</subject><subject>Olfactory Nerve - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Olfactory Nerve - drug effects</subject><subject>Olfactory Nerve - physiology</subject><subject>Telencephalon - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Telencephalon - immunology</subject><subject>Telencephalon - physiology</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - growth & development</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - physiology</subject><issn>0012-1592</issn><issn>1440-169X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFP2zAUxi00BKXwL0w-7ZbsOXbcRNplgrVDQuICEjfLcZ63VG7c2gnQ_34OrZi0y7APftb7fZ-t9xFCGeQsra_rnAkBGZP1U14AyBygEpC_npDZe-MTmQGwImNlXZyTixjXACAEK87IOZNCSl7VM-KWY2-Gzvfa0YC_sMegpyv1lg6_kXpntRl82NNmdE1CdmMXMKbC-L7HNykd_D9scnlG2vX0CXu_HSN1OjxrvCSnVruIV8dzTh6XPx6uf2Z396vb6-93mSlLBplN_2TYshrampUlFGVhedsYW9Z8IVtuJXCDXAourKwaCYbLOnXBGmi1rPicfDn4boPfjRgHtemiQed0j36MSi6kEAUT_wXZIm2oJ8fqAJrgYwxo1TZ0Gx32ioGaIlFrNU1eTZNXUyTqLRL1mqSfj2-MzQbbv8JjBgn4dgBeOof7Dxurm9VNKvgftbmbqA</recordid><startdate>200601</startdate><enddate>200601</enddate><creator>Yoshino, Jun</creator><creator>Tochinai, Shin</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Asia</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200601</creationdate><title>Functional regeneration of the olfactory bulb requires reconnection to the olfactory nerve in Xenopus larvae</title><author>Yoshino, Jun ; Tochinai, Shin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5510-f0041ed190d91550252f3dbcf59376d3f603ce36434f68b60c369cf50fc0da683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens - analysis</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal</topic><topic>brain</topic><topic>functional regeneration</topic><topic>Larva - physiology</topic><topic>Nerve Regeneration</topic><topic>olfactory bulb</topic><topic>Olfactory Bulb - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Olfactory Bulb - drug effects</topic><topic>Olfactory Bulb - physiology</topic><topic>olfactory nerve</topic><topic>Olfactory Nerve - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Olfactory Nerve - drug effects</topic><topic>Olfactory Nerve - physiology</topic><topic>Telencephalon - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Telencephalon - immunology</topic><topic>Telencephalon - physiology</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - growth & development</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yoshino, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tochinai, Shin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Development, growth & differentiation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yoshino, Jun</au><au>Tochinai, Shin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional regeneration of the olfactory bulb requires reconnection to the olfactory nerve in Xenopus larvae</atitle><jtitle>Development, growth & differentiation</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Growth Differ</addtitle><date>2006-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>15</spage><epage>24</epage><pages>15-24</pages><issn>0012-1592</issn><eissn>1440-169X</eissn><abstract>Larvae of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) can regenerate the telencephalon, which consists of the olfactory bulb and the cerebrum, after it has been partially removed. Some authors have argued that the telencephalon, once removed, must be reconnected to the olfactory nerve in order to regenerate. However, considerable regeneration has been observed before reconnection. Therefore, we have conducted several experiments to learn whether or not reconnection is a prerequisite for regeneration. We found that the olfactory bulb did not regenerate without reconnection, while the cerebrum regenerated by itself. On the other hand, when the brain was reconnected by the olfactory nerve, both the cerebrum and the olfactory bulb regenerated. Morphological and histological investigation showed that the regenerated telencephalon was identical to the intact one in morphology, types and distributions of cells, and connections between neurons. Froglets with a regenerated telencephalon also recovered olfaction, the primary function of the frog telencephalon. 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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Free Content; Freely Accessible Japanese Titles; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Animals Antigens - analysis Behavior, Animal brain functional regeneration Larva - physiology Nerve Regeneration olfactory bulb Olfactory Bulb - anatomy & histology Olfactory Bulb - drug effects Olfactory Bulb - physiology olfactory nerve Olfactory Nerve - anatomy & histology Olfactory Nerve - drug effects Olfactory Nerve - physiology Telencephalon - anatomy & histology Telencephalon - immunology Telencephalon - physiology Xenopus laevis Xenopus laevis - anatomy & histology Xenopus laevis - growth & development Xenopus laevis - physiology |
| title | Functional regeneration of the olfactory bulb requires reconnection to the olfactory nerve in Xenopus larvae |
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