Increased bacterial load in shrimp hemolymph in the absence of prophenoloxidase

Invertebrates rely on their innate immune responses to protect themselves from pathogens, one of which is melanization of bacteria mediated by the activation of phenoloxidase (PO). Furthermore, invertebrate hemolymph, even that of healthy individuals, has been shown to contain bacterial species. The...

Ausführliche Beschreibung