Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs
Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfish...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2006-01, Vol.311 (5757), p.98-101 |
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| creator | Mumby, Peter J Dahlgren, Craig P Harborne, Alastair R Kappel, Carrie V Micheli, Fiorenza Brumbaugh, Daniel R Holmes, Katherine E Mendes, Judith M Broad, Kenneth Sanchirico, James N Buch, Kevin Box, Steve Stoffle, Richard W Gill, Andrew B |
| description | Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1121129 |
| format | Article |
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The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.1121129</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16400152</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCIEAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Algae ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Anthozoa - growth & development ; Applied ecology ; Bahamas ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife ; Coral reefs ; Corals ; Diadema antillarum ; Ecosystem ; Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration ; Environmental impact ; Environmental protection ; Epinephelus striatus ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Fishing ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Grazing ; Grazing intensity ; Grouper ; Keys ; Marine ; Marine ecosystems ; Mortality ; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking ; Perciformes - anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predation ; Predatory Behavior ; Scaridae ; Scleractinia</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2006-01, Vol.311 (5757), p.98-101</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science Jan 6, 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c600t-c31f460f1d6ecf5fe7b4f56a1bce3d2b79fab8de96b72a52dd2716303c7b80be3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c600t-c31f460f1d6ecf5fe7b4f56a1bce3d2b79fab8de96b72a52dd2716303c7b80be3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3843313$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3843313$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,2871,2872,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17391570$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mumby, Peter J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlgren, Craig P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harborne, Alastair R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kappel, Carrie V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Micheli, Fiorenza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brumbaugh, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holmes, Katherine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendes, Judith M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broad, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchirico, James N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buch, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Box, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stoffle, Richard W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Andrew B</creatorcontrib><title>Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthozoa - growth & development</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Bahamas</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Body Size</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</subject><subject>Coral reefs</subject><subject>Corals</subject><subject>Diadema antillarum</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Epinephelus striatus</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Fishes</subject><subject>Fishing</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Grazing</subject><subject>Grazing intensity</subject><subject>Grouper</subject><subject>Keys</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine ecosystems</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking</subject><subject>Perciformes - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Predatory Behavior</subject><subject>Scaridae</subject><subject>Scleractinia</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0c9rFDEUB_BQLO229tyLaBDqqWPfS2aSmaNsfygUFG3PIZN56c4yO1mT3YP-9c2ygwUvCoEQ3icvL3wZO0f4iCjUVXI9jY52h7yaAzZDaKqiESBfsRmAVEUNujpmJyktAXKtkUfsGFUJgJWYsevbPi368emSP8SwXvSOz21ytqN0ye3Y8c2C-LcYHKXEg-d30f7OmoeRz0O0A_9O5NNrdujtkOhs2k_Z4-3Nw_xzcf_17sv8033hFMCmcBJ9qcBjp8j5ypNuS18pi60j2YlWN962dUeNarWwleg6oVFJkE63NbQkT9mHfd91DD-3lDZm1SdHw2BHCttklFYoK6j_CUUNiKr-Dwh1KWuJGb7_Cy7DNo75t0bkN7NSOqOrPXIxpBTJm3XsVzb-Mghml5eZ8jJTXvnG26nttl1R9-KngDK4mMAulsFHO7o-vTgtG6w0ZPdm75ZpE-KfusyD5elz-d2-7G0w9inmFo8_BKAEhFI3upTPqtSvOA</recordid><startdate>20060106</startdate><enddate>20060106</enddate><creator>Mumby, Peter J</creator><creator>Dahlgren, Craig P</creator><creator>Harborne, Alastair R</creator><creator>Kappel, Carrie V</creator><creator>Micheli, Fiorenza</creator><creator>Brumbaugh, Daniel R</creator><creator>Holmes, Katherine E</creator><creator>Mendes, Judith M</creator><creator>Broad, Kenneth</creator><creator>Sanchirico, James N</creator><creator>Buch, Kevin</creator><creator>Box, Steve</creator><creator>Stoffle, Richard W</creator><creator>Gill, Andrew B</creator><general>American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><general>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060106</creationdate><title>Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs</title><author>Mumby, Peter J ; Dahlgren, Craig P ; Harborne, Alastair R ; Kappel, Carrie V ; Micheli, Fiorenza ; Brumbaugh, Daniel R ; Holmes, Katherine E ; Mendes, Judith M ; Broad, Kenneth ; Sanchirico, James N ; Buch, Kevin ; Box, Steve ; Stoffle, Richard W ; Gill, Andrew B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c600t-c31f460f1d6ecf5fe7b4f56a1bce3d2b79fab8de96b72a52dd2716303c7b80be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthozoa - growth & development</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Bahamas</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Body Size</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</topic><topic>Coral reefs</topic><topic>Corals</topic><topic>Diadema antillarum</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental protection</topic><topic>Epinephelus striatus</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fisheries</topic><topic>Fishes</topic><topic>Fishing</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Endangered species: population survey and restocking</topic><topic>Perciformes - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Population Density</topic><topic>Population Dynamics</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Predatory Behavior</topic><topic>Scaridae</topic><topic>Scleractinia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mumby, Peter J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlgren, Craig P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harborne, Alastair R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kappel, Carrie V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Micheli, Fiorenza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brumbaugh, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holmes, Katherine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendes, Judith M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broad, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchirico, James N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buch, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Box, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stoffle, Richard W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Andrew B</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mumby, Peter J</au><au>Dahlgren, Craig P</au><au>Harborne, Alastair R</au><au>Kappel, Carrie V</au><au>Micheli, Fiorenza</au><au>Brumbaugh, Daniel R</au><au>Holmes, Katherine E</au><au>Mendes, Judith M</au><au>Broad, Kenneth</au><au>Sanchirico, James N</au><au>Buch, Kevin</au><au>Box, Steve</au><au>Stoffle, Richard W</au><au>Gill, Andrew B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2006-01-06</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>311</volume><issue>5757</issue><spage>98</spage><epage>101</epage><pages>98-101</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><coden>SCIEAS</coden><abstract>Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>16400152</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.1121129</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2006-01, Vol.311 (5757), p.98-101 |
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| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science; Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Algae Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anthozoa - growth & development Applied ecology Bahamas Biological and medical sciences Biomass Body Size Conservation of Natural Resources Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Coral reefs Corals Diadema antillarum Ecosystem Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration Environmental impact Environmental protection Epinephelus striatus Fish Fisheries Fishes Fishing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Grazing Grazing intensity Grouper Keys Marine Marine ecosystems Mortality Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking Perciformes - anatomy & histology Population Density Population Dynamics Predation Predatory Behavior Scaridae Scleractinia |
| title | Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs |
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