Development and Validation of the Eating Stimulus Index in Low-Income, Minority Women in Early Postpartum
Abstract Dietary modification to achieve weight loss during the postpartum period may be critical for prevention of obesity, particularly in low-income, minority women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a measure to examine motivations to eat in low-income, minority w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2009-09, Vol.109 (9), p.1593-1598 |
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| creator | Cahill, Jodi M., PhD Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN Shah, Bijal S., PhD Lu, Hongxing Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD |
| description | Abstract Dietary modification to achieve weight loss during the postpartum period may be critical for prevention of obesity, particularly in low-income, minority women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a measure to examine motivations to eat in low-income, minority women during early postpartum. A convenience sample of 179 triethnic women was recruited from the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics from June 2004 to April 2007. Subjects made one visit to a study center where they completed the Eating Stimulus Index and questions regarding individual demographic characteristics including ethnicity, age, income, education, marital status, breastfeeding, and employment status. Weight and height were also measured during this visit and used to calculate body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2 ). An additional sample of 31 women completed the Eating Stimulus Index on two occasions with 2 weeks between to establish test–retest reliability. The factor structure of the scale was examined with principal components analysis. Total scale scores and subscale scores were calculated and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis examined relationships to BMI. Principal component analysis produced an eight-factor structure with loadings >0.40. Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale ranged from .54 to .89. Subscales of Convenience Eating, Emotional Eating, and Dietary Restraint were related to BMI in mothers. African-American, exclusively formula-feeding, and older women were most vulnerable to convenience eating. White women and those with the highest level of education were most vulnerable to emotional eating. The Eating Stimulus Index is a valid and reliable instrument with the ability to discriminate by weight. It can be used to assess motivations to eat in order to facilitate development of tailored weight-loss messages during early postpartum. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.364 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a measure to examine motivations to eat in low-income, minority women during early postpartum. A convenience sample of 179 triethnic women was recruited from the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics from June 2004 to April 2007. Subjects made one visit to a study center where they completed the Eating Stimulus Index and questions regarding individual demographic characteristics including ethnicity, age, income, education, marital status, breastfeeding, and employment status. Weight and height were also measured during this visit and used to calculate body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2 ). An additional sample of 31 women completed the Eating Stimulus Index on two occasions with 2 weeks between to establish test–retest reliability. The factor structure of the scale was examined with principal components analysis. Total scale scores and subscale scores were calculated and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis examined relationships to BMI. Principal component analysis produced an eight-factor structure with loadings >0.40. Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale ranged from .54 to .89. Subscales of Convenience Eating, Emotional Eating, and Dietary Restraint were related to BMI in mothers. African-American, exclusively formula-feeding, and older women were most vulnerable to convenience eating. White women and those with the highest level of education were most vulnerable to emotional eating. The Eating Stimulus Index is a valid and reliable instrument with the ability to discriminate by weight. It can be used to assess motivations to eat in order to facilitate development of tailored weight-loss messages during early postpartum.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8223</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2212-2672</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3570</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2212-2680</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.364</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19699840</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JADAAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans - psychology ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Feeding ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; data analysis ; data collection ; diet-related diseases ; dietary restriction ; Dietetics ; dieting ; disease prevention ; Eating - ethnology ; Eating - psychology ; eating habits ; employment ; European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology ; Female ; food intake ; Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hispanic Americans - psychology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Low income groups ; low income households ; marital status ; maternal nutrition ; minorities ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Minority Groups - psychology ; model validation ; mothers ; Motivation ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; nutrition assessment ; Obesity ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Obesity - prevention & control ; overweight ; Postpartum period ; Postpartum Period - psychology ; Poverty ; Principal Component Analysis ; Psychometrics - standards ; psychosocial factors ; Public Assistance ; Regression Analysis ; reliability ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; sociodemographic characteristics ; socioeconomic status ; Texas ; Weight control ; Weight Loss ; WIC Program ; Women - psychology ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2009-09, Vol.109 (9), p.1593-1598</ispartof><rights>American Dietetic Association</rights><rights>2009 American Dietetic Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Dietetic Association Sep 2009</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-14f41755f4c725dca79bb6a2ea1c473a9f491c26efe647e419688b5645298bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-14f41755f4c725dca79bb6a2ea1c473a9f491c26efe647e419688b5645298bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.364$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,45974</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19699840$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cahill, Jodi M., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Bijal S., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Hongxing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD</creatorcontrib><title>Development and Validation of the Eating Stimulus Index in Low-Income, Minority Women in Early Postpartum</title><title>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</title><addtitle>J Am Diet Assoc</addtitle><description>Abstract Dietary modification to achieve weight loss during the postpartum period may be critical for prevention of obesity, particularly in low-income, minority women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a measure to examine motivations to eat in low-income, minority women during early postpartum. A convenience sample of 179 triethnic women was recruited from the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics from June 2004 to April 2007. Subjects made one visit to a study center where they completed the Eating Stimulus Index and questions regarding individual demographic characteristics including ethnicity, age, income, education, marital status, breastfeeding, and employment status. Weight and height were also measured during this visit and used to calculate body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2 ). An additional sample of 31 women completed the Eating Stimulus Index on two occasions with 2 weeks between to establish test–retest reliability. The factor structure of the scale was examined with principal components analysis. Total scale scores and subscale scores were calculated and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis examined relationships to BMI. Principal component analysis produced an eight-factor structure with loadings >0.40. Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale ranged from .54 to .89. Subscales of Convenience Eating, Emotional Eating, and Dietary Restraint were related to BMI in mothers. African-American, exclusively formula-feeding, and older women were most vulnerable to convenience eating. White women and those with the highest level of education were most vulnerable to emotional eating. The Eating Stimulus Index is a valid and reliable instrument with the ability to discriminate by weight. It can be used to assess motivations to eat in order to facilitate development of tailored weight-loss messages during early postpartum.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans - psychology</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>data analysis</subject><subject>data collection</subject><subject>diet-related diseases</subject><subject>dietary restriction</subject><subject>Dietetics</subject><subject>dieting</subject><subject>disease prevention</subject><subject>Eating - ethnology</subject><subject>Eating - psychology</subject><subject>eating habits</subject><subject>employment</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>food intake</subject><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><subject>Hispanic Americans - psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>low income households</subject><subject>marital status</subject><subject>maternal nutrition</subject><subject>minorities</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Minority Groups - psychology</subject><subject>model validation</subject><subject>mothers</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>nationalities and ethnic groups</subject><subject>nutrition assessment</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Obesity - prevention & control</subject><subject>overweight</subject><subject>Postpartum period</subject><subject>Postpartum Period - psychology</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Psychometrics - standards</subject><subject>psychosocial factors</subject><subject>Public Assistance</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>reliability</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>sociodemographic characteristics</subject><subject>socioeconomic status</subject><subject>Texas</subject><subject>Weight control</subject><subject>Weight Loss</subject><subject>WIC Program</subject><subject>Women - psychology</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-8223</issn><issn>2212-2672</issn><issn>1878-3570</issn><issn>2212-2680</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9klGL1DAUhYso7uzqH_BBgw8-2ZqkSdqACLI76sCIwqz6GNL0dk1tkzFpV-ffmzKDwj74FC75zuXce26WPSG4IJiIV33R61YXFGNZYFGUgt3LVqSu6rzkFb6frTDGNK8pLc-y8xj7VGJO8MPsjEghZc3wKrNXcAuD34_gJqRdi77qwbZ6st4h36HpO6B1qtwN2k12nIc5oo1r4TeyDm39r3zjjB_hJfponQ92OqBvqXTL71qH4YA--zjtdZjm8VH2oNNDhMen9yK7fre-vvyQbz-931y-3eaGCTzlhHWMVJx3zFSUt0ZXsmmEpqCJYVWpZcckMVRAB4JVwNIodd1wwTiVdWPKi-zFse0--J8zxEmNNhoYBu3Az1GJiktOa5nA53fA3s_BJWuKkppxzihPED1CJvgYA3RqH-yow0ERrJYQVK-WENQSgsJCpRCS6Omp89yM0P6TnLaegGdHoNNe6Ztgo_qyo5iUqWGVAiwT8fpIQNrUrYWgorHgDLQ2gJlU6-3_Hby5IzeDddbo4QccIP4dlKhIFVa75VCWO8ES40okh38AcTm1bw</recordid><startdate>20090901</startdate><enddate>20090901</enddate><creator>Cahill, Jodi M., PhD</creator><creator>Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN</creator><creator>Shah, Bijal S., PhD</creator><creator>Lu, Hongxing</creator><creator>Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090901</creationdate><title>Development and Validation of the Eating Stimulus Index in Low-Income, Minority Women in Early Postpartum</title><author>Cahill, Jodi M., PhD ; Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN ; Shah, Bijal S., PhD ; Lu, Hongxing ; Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-14f41755f4c725dca79bb6a2ea1c473a9f491c26efe647e419688b5645298bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Americans - psychology</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Breast Feeding</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>data analysis</topic><topic>data collection</topic><topic>diet-related diseases</topic><topic>dietary restriction</topic><topic>Dietetics</topic><topic>dieting</topic><topic>disease prevention</topic><topic>Eating - ethnology</topic><topic>Eating - psychology</topic><topic>eating habits</topic><topic>employment</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>food intake</topic><topic>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</topic><topic>Hispanic Americans - psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>low income households</topic><topic>marital status</topic><topic>maternal nutrition</topic><topic>minorities</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Minority Groups - psychology</topic><topic>model validation</topic><topic>mothers</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>nationalities and ethnic groups</topic><topic>nutrition assessment</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Obesity - prevention & control</topic><topic>overweight</topic><topic>Postpartum period</topic><topic>Postpartum Period - psychology</topic><topic>Poverty</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Psychometrics - standards</topic><topic>psychosocial factors</topic><topic>Public Assistance</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>reliability</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>sociodemographic characteristics</topic><topic>socioeconomic status</topic><topic>Texas</topic><topic>Weight control</topic><topic>Weight Loss</topic><topic>WIC Program</topic><topic>Women - psychology</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cahill, Jodi M., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Bijal S., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Hongxing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cahill, Jodi M., PhD</au><au>Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H., PhD, RD, FACN</au><au>Shah, Bijal S., PhD</au><au>Lu, Hongxing</au><au>Klohe-Lehman, Deborah M., PhD, RD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development and Validation of the Eating Stimulus Index in Low-Income, Minority Women in Early Postpartum</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Diet Assoc</addtitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>109</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1593</spage><epage>1598</epage><pages>1593-1598</pages><issn>0002-8223</issn><issn>2212-2672</issn><eissn>1878-3570</eissn><eissn>2212-2680</eissn><coden>JADAAE</coden><abstract>Abstract Dietary modification to achieve weight loss during the postpartum period may be critical for prevention of obesity, particularly in low-income, minority women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a measure to examine motivations to eat in low-income, minority women during early postpartum. A convenience sample of 179 triethnic women was recruited from the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics from June 2004 to April 2007. Subjects made one visit to a study center where they completed the Eating Stimulus Index and questions regarding individual demographic characteristics including ethnicity, age, income, education, marital status, breastfeeding, and employment status. Weight and height were also measured during this visit and used to calculate body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2 ). An additional sample of 31 women completed the Eating Stimulus Index on two occasions with 2 weeks between to establish test–retest reliability. The factor structure of the scale was examined with principal components analysis. Total scale scores and subscale scores were calculated and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis examined relationships to BMI. Principal component analysis produced an eight-factor structure with loadings >0.40. Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale ranged from .54 to .89. Subscales of Convenience Eating, Emotional Eating, and Dietary Restraint were related to BMI in mothers. African-American, exclusively formula-feeding, and older women were most vulnerable to convenience eating. White women and those with the highest level of education were most vulnerable to emotional eating. The Eating Stimulus Index is a valid and reliable instrument with the ability to discriminate by weight. It can be used to assess motivations to eat in order to facilitate development of tailored weight-loss messages during early postpartum.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19699840</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.364</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult African Americans - psychology Body Mass Index Breast Feeding Cross-Sectional Studies data analysis data collection diet-related diseases dietary restriction Dietetics dieting disease prevention Eating - ethnology Eating - psychology eating habits employment European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology Female food intake Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hispanic Americans - psychology Humans Internal Medicine Low income groups low income households marital status maternal nutrition minorities Minority & ethnic groups Minority Groups - psychology model validation mothers Motivation nationalities and ethnic groups nutrition assessment Obesity Obesity - epidemiology Obesity - prevention & control overweight Postpartum period Postpartum Period - psychology Poverty Principal Component Analysis Psychometrics - standards psychosocial factors Public Assistance Regression Analysis reliability Sensitivity and Specificity sociodemographic characteristics socioeconomic status Texas Weight control Weight Loss WIC Program Women - psychology Womens health Young Adult |
| title | Development and Validation of the Eating Stimulus Index in Low-Income, Minority Women in Early Postpartum |
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