Role of p38 MAPK in Burn-Induced Intestinal Barrier Breakdown

Background Severe burn results in intestinal barrier breakdown, which may lead to the generation of a systemic inflammatory response and distant organ injury. Intestinal barrier integrity is regulated, in part, by the tight junction protein myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Previous studies in cell culture have shown that activation of p38 MAPK plays an important role in modulating intestinal barrier function. We hypothesized that (1) severe burn up-regulates p38 MAPK activation and results in increased intestinal permeability via augmented expression of MLCK, and (2) inhibition of p38 MAPK will prevent the burn-induced increase in MLCK expression, resulting in improved intestinal barrier integrity. Materials and Methods Male balb/c mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full thickness steam burn, then randomized to receive an intraperitoneal injection of a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580, 25 mg/kg) or vehicle. In vivo intestinal permeability to 4kDa FITC-Dextran was measured. Expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK, total p38 MAPK, MLCK, and phosphorylated MLC from intestinal extracts was assessed by immunoblotting. Results Severe burn increased intestinal permeability, which was associated with activation of p38 MAPK, and increased expression of MLCK. Treatment with SB203580 significantly attenuated burn-induced intestinal permeability (212 μg/mL versus 81 μg/mL, P < 0.05), and decreased expression of intestinal MLCK resulting in decreased phosphorylation of MLC. Conclusion p38 MAPK plays an important role in regulating burn-induced intestinal permeability through activation of MLCK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK may be an important therapeutic target aimed at attenuating intestinal barrier breakdown by preventing the burn-induced alterations in tight junction proteins.