Retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product pRB activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 α ) constitutes a regulatory subunit of HIF-1, a major transcriptional activator of genes that coordinate physiological and pathological responses towards hypoxia. In order to identify novel interaction partners of HIF-1 α we have applied T7 phage display system and identified a domain inherent in the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). The interaction between pRB and HIF-1 α was confirmed by in vitro experiments and in transfected cells. Thereby, an HIF-1 α domain spanning amino acids 530–694 was mapped to be required for pRB binding. Overexpression of pRB provoked transcriptional activation of HIF-1 α under normoxia. Furthermore, the domain of pRB identified to bind HIF-1 α in vitro is sufficient to cause HIF-1 α transcriptional activation with the further notion that phosphorylation deficient pRB shows stronger HIF-1 α transactivation. Using ChIP analysis, we show that HIF-1 α responsive elements (HREs) are precipitated using α -pRB antibodies. Additionally, a functional interaction between pRB and HIF-1 α is confirmed by showing that HIF-1 α reverses the transcription repressor function of pRB.