Peripheral and central antinociceptive action of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter blockers on formalin-induced nociception in rats

The possible local peripheral and spinal (intrathecal) antinociceptive effect of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC) inhibitors was investigated in the rat formalin test. Nociceptive flinching behavior induced by formalin (1%) injection in the hind paw was assessed following administration of cotran...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pain (Amsterdam) 2005-03, Vol.114 (1), p.231-238
Hauptverfasser: Granados-Soto, Vinicio, Arguelles, Carlos F., Álvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J.
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creator Granados-Soto, Vinicio
Arguelles, Carlos F.
Álvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J.
description The possible local peripheral and spinal (intrathecal) antinociceptive effect of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC) inhibitors was investigated in the rat formalin test. Nociceptive flinching behavior induced by formalin (1%) injection in the hind paw was assessed following administration of cotransporter inhibitors. Local peripheral pretreatment in the ipsilateral paw with bumetanide (ED 30, 27.1±12.7 μg/paw), piretanide (ED 30, 109.2±21.6 μg/paw) or furosemide (ED 30, 34.3±5.0 μg/paw), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), produced dose-dependent antinociception in phase 2 of the test. Local bumetanide had the greatest effect (∼70% antinociception). Bumetanide also inhibited formalin-induced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 105.6±99.1 μg/paw). Spinal intrathecal pretreatment with bumetanide (ED 30, 194.6±97.9 μg), piretanide (ED 30, 254.4±104.9 μg) or furosemide (ED 30, 32.0±6.9 μg), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), also produced antinociception in phase 2. In this case, only intrathecal furosemide reduced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 99.4±51.4 μg) and had the maximal antinociceptive effect in phase 2 (∼65% antinociception). The opioid receptor-antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) did not reverse antinociception induced by either peripheral or spinal administration of NKCC blockers. Our data suggest that the Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter localized in sensory neurons at intraspinal and peripheral sites is involved in formalin-induced nociception.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.023
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Nociceptive flinching behavior induced by formalin (1%) injection in the hind paw was assessed following administration of cotransporter inhibitors. Local peripheral pretreatment in the ipsilateral paw with bumetanide (ED 30, 27.1±12.7 μg/paw), piretanide (ED 30, 109.2±21.6 μg/paw) or furosemide (ED 30, 34.3±5.0 μg/paw), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), produced dose-dependent antinociception in phase 2 of the test. Local bumetanide had the greatest effect (∼70% antinociception). Bumetanide also inhibited formalin-induced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 105.6±99.1 μg/paw). Spinal intrathecal pretreatment with bumetanide (ED 30, 194.6±97.9 μg), piretanide (ED 30, 254.4±104.9 μg) or furosemide (ED 30, 32.0±6.9 μg), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), also produced antinociception in phase 2. In this case, only intrathecal furosemide reduced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 99.4±51.4 μg) and had the maximal antinociceptive effect in phase 2 (∼65% antinociception). The opioid receptor-antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) did not reverse antinociception induced by either peripheral or spinal administration of NKCC blockers. Our data suggest that the Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter localized in sensory neurons at intraspinal and peripheral sites is involved in formalin-induced nociception.</description><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analgesics - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bumetanide</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Furosemide</subject><subject>Injections, Spinal</subject><subject>Injections, Subcutaneous</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>NKCC</subject><subject>Nociception</subject><subject>Pain Measurement - drug effects</subject><subject>Pain Measurement - methods</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Piretanide</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors</subject><subject>Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters - physiology</subject><subject>Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Furosemide</topic><topic>Injections, Spinal</topic><topic>Injections, Subcutaneous</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>NKCC</topic><topic>Nociception</topic><topic>Pain Measurement - drug effects</topic><topic>Pain Measurement - methods</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Piretanide</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors</topic><topic>Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters - physiology</topic><topic>Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors</topic><topic>Sulfonamides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Granados-Soto, Vinicio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arguelles, Carlos F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Álvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pain (Amsterdam)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Granados-Soto, Vinicio</au><au>Arguelles, Carlos F.</au><au>Álvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Peripheral and central antinociceptive action of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter blockers on formalin-induced nociception in rats</atitle><jtitle>Pain (Amsterdam)</jtitle><addtitle>Pain</addtitle><date>2005-03-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>114</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>231</spage><epage>238</epage><pages>231-238</pages><issn>0304-3959</issn><eissn>1872-6623</eissn><coden>PAINDB</coden><abstract>The possible local peripheral and spinal (intrathecal) antinociceptive effect of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC) inhibitors was investigated in the rat formalin test. Nociceptive flinching behavior induced by formalin (1%) injection in the hind paw was assessed following administration of cotransporter inhibitors. Local peripheral pretreatment in the ipsilateral paw with bumetanide (ED 30, 27.1±12.7 μg/paw), piretanide (ED 30, 109.2±21.6 μg/paw) or furosemide (ED 30, 34.3±5.0 μg/paw), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), produced dose-dependent antinociception in phase 2 of the test. Local bumetanide had the greatest effect (∼70% antinociception). Bumetanide also inhibited formalin-induced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 105.6±99.1 μg/paw). Spinal intrathecal pretreatment with bumetanide (ED 30, 194.6±97.9 μg), piretanide (ED 30, 254.4±104.9 μg) or furosemide (ED 30, 32.0±6.9 μg), but not vehicle (DMSO 100%), also produced antinociception in phase 2. In this case, only intrathecal furosemide reduced flinching behavior during phase 1 (ED 30, 99.4±51.4 μg) and had the maximal antinociceptive effect in phase 2 (∼65% antinociception). The opioid receptor-antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) did not reverse antinociception induced by either peripheral or spinal administration of NKCC blockers. Our data suggest that the Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter localized in sensory neurons at intraspinal and peripheral sites is involved in formalin-induced nociception.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>15733649</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.023</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Analgesics
Analgesics - administration & dosage
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Bumetanide
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Furosemide
Injections, Spinal
Injections, Subcutaneous
Medical sciences
Neuropharmacology
NKCC
Nociception
Pain Measurement - drug effects
Pain Measurement - methods
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Piretanide
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters - physiology
Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception)
interoception
electrolocation. Sensory receptors
Sulfonamides - pharmacology
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
title Peripheral and central antinociceptive action of Na +–K +–2Cl − cotransporter blockers on formalin-induced nociception in rats
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